Provide a nationally consistent description of water-quality conditions for a large part of the Nation's water resources; 2. Define long-term trends (or lack of trends) in water quality; and 3. Identify, describe, and explain, as possible, the major factors that affect observed water-quality conditions and trends. Four surface-water projects, including the Yakima NAWQA project, and three groundwater projects were conducted as part of the pilot program to test and refine the assessment methods and to help determine the need for and the feasibility of a full-scale program. Results are presented in individual reports for specific topics and for each project. In 1991, USGS began a 4-year transition from a pilot program to a full-scale program. The design concepts to be implemented are based, in part, on the pilot program that began in 1986. NAWQA studies depend heavily on cooperation and information from many Federal, Tribal, State, Interstate, and local agencies. The assistance and suggestions of all are gratefully acknowledged.