Quality Changes during Refrigerated Storage of MA‐Packaged Pre‐rigor Fillets of Farmed Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) Using Traditional MAP, CO₂ Emitter, and Vacuum

Abstract

Quality changes during 3 wk of refrigerated storage (1.3 degrees C) were studied on pre-rigor filleted farmed Atlantic cod packed in modified atmosphere (MAP, 60% CO2 and 40% O2) or vacuum. The packages of MAP contained either a CO2 emitter and low gas volume to product volume (g/p ratio) of 1.3, or a 3.9 g/p ratio and no emitter. The CO2 level remained stable or increased in the packages with CO2 emitter, whereas the CO2 level in the packages with no CO2 emitter decreased to 40% after 4 d of refrigerated storage. High levels of oxygen in the gas mixture prevented formation of trimethyl amine (TMA) during storage of the MA-packed fish, whereas the TMA content increased significantly after 10-d storage in vacuum. MA-packed samples had the highest values of 1-penten-3-ol. Sensory scores of sour, sulfur, and pungent odors were significantly higher for vacuum-packed cod compared to the 2 MA-packaging methods measured 14 d after slaughtering. No differences in sensory scores were observed between the 2 methods of MAP, and shelf life of these samples seemed to be 14 to 21 d. Cod samples packaged in vacuum packages had higher pH values compared to ordinary MAP and packages containing a CO2 emitter. Bacterial growth was inhibited by MAP and resulted at the end of the storage period in dominance of Carnobacterium and some Photobacterium. In MA packages with high O2 levels the Photobacterium was inhibited. It is concluded that CO2 emitters are well suited for reduction of transport volume for MA-packaged farmed cod.

Effect of vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in combination with a CO 2 emitter on quality parameters of cod loins ( Gadus morhua )

“…A liquid absorbent pad (SuperCore mP-2500, McAirlaid's, Steinfurt, Germany) was placed in the bottom of half of the packages while a CO 2 emitting pad was placed in the rest. The CO 2 emitters were prepared (at Nofima, Ås, Norway) by adding 0.304 g NaHCO 3 and 0.237 g citric acid to a liquid absorber pad (Absorbent Pad Dri-Loc, Friedrichsdorf, Germany) based on prior experiment (Hansen et al, 2007). Similar CO 2 emitter was used for both vacuum packages and MAP.…”

“…On the other hand, an increased g/p ratio in a package of modified atmosphere can be compensated by use of a CO 2 emitter, which develops CO 2 gas after sealing the package. Studies performed on fillets from farmed Atlantic cod and Atlantic salmon have shown that a CO 2 emitter can compensate for a g/p ratio of 4/1 and 3/1, respectively (Hansen, Mørkøre, Rudi, Olsen & Eie, 2007;Hansen, Mørkøre, Rudi, Rødbotten et al, 2009). The CO 2 emitter additionally functions as a liquid absorbent pad, and it enables low g/p ratios without packaging collapse.…”

Revisão: alimentos frescos minimamente processados embalados em atmosfera modificada

“…Na presença de CO 2 , o desenvolvimento de Shewanella putrefaciens e de Pseudomonas é inibido, sendo o Photobacterium phosphoreum o principal responsável pela degradação de filé de bacalhau numa atmosfera rica em CO 2 , em ambiente refrigerado. O P. phosphoreum existe no meio marinho e revelou um desenvolvimento elevado em condições de anaerobiose e uma elevada resistência ao CO 2 , sendo, por isso, o organismo responsável pela degradação da maioria do pescado MP embalado em atmosfera modificada (HANSEN et al, 2007; ÓLAFSDÓTTIR et al, 1 9 9 7 ; D A L G A A R D e t a l . , 1 9 9 3 ) .…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Vinegar on Bacterial Species Isolated from Retail and Local Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

“…CO 2 and MAP (modified atmosphere packaging) reduces the growth of Shewanella and Pseudomonas [25][26][27][28]. Using CO 2 alone would cause it to dissolve in meat and fish resulting in package shrinking and deformation [29][30].…”

“…A disadvantage of MAP is that the increased package volume would increase transportation costs [25]. With vacuum packaging, there is less volume but it is less effective than MAP [26].…”