Quality Characteristics and Anthocyanin Profiles of Different Vitis amurensis Grape Cultivars and Hybrids from Chinese Germplasm

Abstract

To evaluate the important Vitis amurensis germplasm, the quality characteristics and anthocyanin profiles of the ripe berries of 20 V. amurensis grapes and 11 interspecific hybrids in two consecutive years were analysed. Compared with the V. vinifera grapes, V. amurensis grapes had small berries with low total soluble solids and high titratable acids, and were richer in phenolic compounds except for flanan-3-ols in their skins but had lower phenolic contents in their seeds and showed lower antioxidant activities. An outstanding feature of the V. amurensis grapes was their abundant anthocyanin contents, which was 8.18-fold higher than the three wine grapes of V. vinifera. The anthocyanin composition of V. amurensis was characterized by an extremely high proportion of diglucoside anthocyanins (91.71%) and low acylated anthocyanins (0.04%). Interestingly, a new type of speculated 3,5,7-O-triglucoside anthocyanins was first identified and only detected in V. amurensis grapes and hybrids. Based on the total phenolic and anthocyanin characteristics, V. amurensis grapes were set apart from V. vinifera cultivars and the interspecific hybrids, for the same qualities, fell between them, as assessed by principal component analysis.

Characterization of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity and Phenolic Compound Profile of Extracts from Seeds of Different Vitis Species

“…The antioxidant activity of grape seed extracts significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with TPC (Table 2), which confirms the well-known fact that phenolic compounds are responsible for the antiradical activity and reducing power of grape seeds and their extracts [18,37,40]. Pearson's correlation with a high correlation coefficient (0.853) was also found between DPPH • scavenging activity and ORAC (Table 2).…”

“…This could have resulted from methodological differences (e.g., results were expressed in (+)-catechin equivalents and a higher extraction temperature was applied) and from the use of a different batch of materials and reagents. A higher TPC of seeds of V. vinifera compared to V. amuresnsis was noted by Zhu and co-workers [ 37 ]. In turn, Liang and co-workers calculated the content of total phenolics as a sum of 28 individual compounds determined by HPLC-MS and found that, similar to our study, the value for V. amurensis seeds was lower than for V. riparia seeds, but V. vinifera seeds had a significantly higher content of phenolics among the three Vitis species (approximately 5 and 3 times higher, respectively) [ 34 ].…”

“…The results reported for antioxidant activity are in line with those demonstrated in a previous study of ours [ 36 ], where aqueous acetonic and aqueous methanolic extracts of V. californica and V. riparia seeds showed higher DPPH • scavenging activity and reduction power assayed with ferricyanide/Prussian blue than the extracts of V. amurensis seeds. Zhu and co-workers, in turn, showed about three times higher the average antioxidant activity of V. vinifera seeds compared to V. amurensis seeds [ 37 ]. The authors determined FRAP and antiradical activity against DPPH • and ABTS •+ for twenty V. amurensis and three V. vinifera varieties/accessions.…”

“…Among the anthocyanins, only the content of malvidin 3,5- O -diglucoside in V. riparia and V. californica seed extracts exceeded 1 mg/100 g ( Table 3 ). This is not surprising because anthocyanins are found mainly in grape skins [ 16 , 37 ]. They were identified in the seeds of selected cultivars only [ 12 , 18 ].…”

Oenological potential of wines produced from disease‐resistant grape cultivars

“…Wild Vitis species (such as Chinese and North American grapes) have high levels of diglucoside anthocyanins or even triglucosides (Mazzuca et al., 2005; Narduzzi et al., 2015; Teissedre, 2018; Zhu et al., 2021). These are generally only present in trace amounts in V. vinifera .…”