Quality control in fast pyrolysis bio‐oil production and use

Abstract

Der Einsatz von koordinierenden Gruppen als dirigierende Gruppen ist eine zuverlässige Methode zur Kontrolle von Reaktivität und Selektivität bei der Aktivierung von Aryl‐C‐H‐Bindungen. Im Hinblick auf die Anwendbarkeit von C‐H‐Aktivierungen in der Synthese besteht derzeit ein großes Interesse daran, Reaktionen zu entwickeln, in denen völlig auf dirigierende Gruppen verzichtet werden kann und somit die Funktionalisierung einfacher Benzolderivate möglich wird. Dieser Ansatz erfordert jedoch neue Strategien zur Reaktivitäts‐ und Selektivitätskontrolle. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden aktuelle Fortschritte in dem noch jungen Gebiet der nicht‐chelatvermittelten C‐H‐Aktivierung diskutiert, wobei einige inspirierende Beispiele zur Reaktivitäts‐ und Selektivitätsinduktion hervorgehoben werden.

Rheological Characterization of Bio-Oils from Pilot Scale Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis

“…The bio-oil viscosity measured at 40ºC in this study was ten-fold lower than the viscosity (0.02 Pa.s) of the bio-oil produced from (heterotrophic) microalgae (Miao & Wu, 2004). The viscosity of bio-oils produced from different feedstocks though MAP was lower than the light fuel viscosity of 4 cSt (Mohan et al, 2006), the heavy fuel oil viscosity of 50 cSt (Czernik and Bridgwater, 2004), the US #4 fuel oil viscosity of 5.5-24 cSt (Oasmaa et al, 2009), commercial automotive #2 diesel viscosity of 2-4.5 cSt (Islam et al, 2010), diesel viscosity of 0.011 Pa s (Thangalazhy-Gopakumar et al, Fig. 3.…”

“…Considering the viscosity criteria (15 cSt at 35-45ºC and 21.5 cSt at 30ºC) presented by researchers (Pootakham & Kumar 2010a;Islam et al, 2010) for loading/handling and pipe transportation, the bio-oils from different feedstocks produced through MAP can be easy to load using existing petroleum loading equipments and easy to transport through pipe also. According to ASTM burner fuel standard, the bio-oil can have a maximum viscosity of 125 cSt at 40ºC without filtering (Oasmaa et al, 2009). Considering this limit, the viscosity of the bio-oils used in this study had a much low viscosity and these bio-oils can be used as burner fuel.…”

Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass: Control of Process Parameters for High Pyrolysis Oil Yields and Enhanced Oil Quality

“…Microwave Pyrolysis Table 1 -TAN values for conventional and microwave pyrolysis Table 1 shows the TAN values of the oils obtained from conventional pyrolysis [27,28,29] and from the microwave pyrolysis carried out in this study. It is difficult to ascertain differences in the chemistry of the liquid products for TAN values above 30, and bio-oils that can be used without refinement need to have TAN values <5.…”

Rice Yield Response to Biochar Application Under Different Water Managements Practices

“…Biochar's carbon bonds don't break down, and stay in soil for centuries (Kuzyakov et al, 2009). Biochar in soil sustains food production through its ability to hold nutrients and increase soil productivity (Chan et al, 2007;Laird, 2008;Oasmaa et al, 2009). Biochar synthesis and application to the soil removes CO 2 from the atmosphere by withdrawing organic carbon from the cycle of photosynthesis and decomposition (Lehmann, 2009).…”