Quality control in orthodontics: indices of treatment need and treatment standards

Shaw, W C; Richmond, Stephen; O'Brien, K D; Brook, Peter; Stephens, Chris

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4807429

Cited by 197 publications

(97 citation statements)

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“…6 • The presence of a crossbite • Anterior vertical relationship ie deep bites and open bites as measured by PAR. 7 • Upper arch crowding/spacing on a five point scale • Buccal segment antero-posterior relationship as measured by PAR.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the Index of Complexity Outcome and Need (ICON) with the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN)

Fox

Daniels²,

Gilgrass

2002

Br Dent J

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Aim To evaluate any relationship between ICON, IOTN and PAR. To establish whether or not ICON could replace these indices as a measure of orthodontic treatment complexity, outcome and need. Method The study models of 55 consecutively treated cases were examined and PAR, IOTN and ICON recorded. Results The study showed significant correlations between IOTN and ICON with respect to need and PAR and ICON with respect to outcome. Conclusion It appears that ICON does reflect UK opinion and the current study provides some evidence that ICON may effectively replace PAR and IOTN as a means of determining need and outcome.The PAR Index and IOTN have now become widely used in the UK as orthodontic audit tools. They have provided valuable data to inform political and clinical debate on the quality of GDS orthodontics. The introduction of IOTN in the General Dental Services is currently being considered. In order to assess treatment inputs and outcomes using IOTN and PAR, two different measurement protocols must be learned and this duplication of effort is inefficient.The PAR index has been accused of both undue leniency on poor finishes 1 and undue harshness on treatments with limited aims. 2,3 Experience with IOTN has shown that the need for treatment does not necessarily equate to the complexity of the treatment. It is important to make an assessment of complexity for the following clinical reasons (Richmond et al 4 ):• To identify the most appropriate setting in which a patient should receive treatment.• To allow meaningful assessment of treatment outcomes.• To identify cases that are likely to take longer to treat.• To inform the patient of the likely success.

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the Index of Complexity Outcome and Need (ICON) with the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN)

Fox

Daniels²,

Gilgrass

2002

Br Dent J

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“…Intra examiner reliability was also excellent (6,16,18,21). Thus finally according to the study of Dr. Richmond, it was said that it was possible to teach staff without dental qualification or training to use the weighted PAR index to a high level of reliability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The index is considered as a simple, objective and a reliable manner (19) for evaluating the stability after orthodontic treatment. Several studies have been conducted which demonstrate the method for assessing the stability after orthodontic treatment using the PAR index (1,2,9,12,17,21,22). According to the rules of the PAR index, each of the components of the dentition i.e.…”

Section: Par Index and Its Usementioning

confidence: 99%

PAR Index in the Evaluation of the Stability of the Orthodontic Treatment Results. A Review

Ramanathan

2006

Acta Med. (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub.)

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Summary:The evaluation of the treatment results is normally done to estimate the nature and quality of work, so that justice can be done to the work that we do and also that the patients will be satisfied. The primary motive of every orthodontist should be to treat the patient effectively and successfully with long lasting results. Thus the patients are to be assessed, using an appropriate method. PAR index was developed in the recent years to evaluate the treatment results and it is considered as a simple, objective and a reliable manner for evaluating the stability after orthodontic treatment. The index can be applied to different components of the dentition and scores are applied to each component after which the individual scores are multiplied with their respective weightings to balance the impact of the individual components of the overall result. They are then summed up to establish an overall total. In this manner, the method was carried out for the study casts of the three different phases of the treatment i.e. before the onset of the treatment, immediately after treatment and 2 years after treatment for assessing the stability after orthodontic treatment.

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“…Severe hypodontia attracts an IOTN grading of 4 or more, which usually falls within the guidelines for hospital orthodontic treatment in the UK. 16 Orthodontists in Group 1 were significantly more likely to recommend space closure in the management of missing lateral incisors when compared to Group 2. Group 2 were signifi cantly more likely to recommend resin-bonded bridges or dentures as replacement for missing lateral incisors compared to Group 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The management of developmentally absent maxillary lateral incisors – a survey of orthodontists in the UK

et al. 2007

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Quality control in orthodontics: indices of treatment need and treatment standards

Cited by 197 publications

References 0 publications

A comparison of the Index of Complexity Outcome and Need (ICON) with the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN)

A comparison of the Index of Complexity Outcome and Need (ICON) with the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN)

PAR Index in the Evaluation of the Stability of the Orthodontic Treatment Results. A Review

The management of developmentally absent maxillary lateral incisors – a survey of orthodontists in the UK

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