Quality control method based on photoluminescence imaging for the performance prediction of c-Si/a-Si:H heterojunction solar cells in industrial production lines

Nos, O.; Favre, Wilfried; Jay, F.; Ozanne, F.; Valla, A.; Alvarez, José; Muñoz, D.; Ribeyron, P.J.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.009

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Excluding the time of the EL imaging system, the proposed ORing method would function within a period of 0.3 seconds. This is comparatively very fast acquisition of the micro cracks compared to various approaches [22][23][24] that would require at least several seconds to function the enhancement of the EL image. To sum up, according to the inspection speed shown in Fig.…”

Section: Enhancing Solar Cell Micro Cracks Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed micro crack detection technique, the obtained results have been compared with multiple [6] and [21][22][23][24] well-developed micro cracks detection methods. A summary of the comparison is shown in Table I.…”

Section: Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A summary of the comparison is shown in Table I. According to [6] and [23], both developed methods custom the detection of micro cracks using a Photoluminescence (PL) imaging technique. In fact, the PL signal is determined by the actual lifetime which is mostly affected by both bulk and surface recombination, and when during high spatial resolution and short measurement time, the PL imaging can be used inline during the production of silicon wafers.…”

Section: Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another limitation associated with this technique that it cannot identify cracks in the range of 1µm. On the other hand, in [23], the output PL image has been improved using analysis of the fill-factor and solar cell open circuit voltage. This would limit the detection area up to 90%, and it is quite complex in terms of the technique application, especially using micro cracks inline detection that is incorporated within the solar cells' manufacturing system, since main electrical parameters such as open circuit voltage and fill factor are required.…”

Section: Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, an EL reference image for a healthy/non-cracked solar cell sample is required for the ORing method extraction features purposes. Table I Comparative results between the proposed method developed in this article and the one presented in [6] and [21][22][23][24] Ref.…”

Section: Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrafast High-Resolution Solar Cell Cracks Detection Process

Dhimish

Mather

2020

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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This paper presents the advancement of an ultrafast high-resolution cracks detection in solar cells manufacturing system. The aim of the developed process is to (i) improve the quality of the calibrated image taken by a low-cost conventional electroluminescent (EL) imaging setup, (ii) proposing a novel methodology to enhance the speed of the detection of the solar cell cracks, and finally (iii) develop a proper procedure to decide whether to accept or reject the solar cell due to the existence of the cracks. The proposed detection process has been validated on various cracked/free-crack solar cell samples, evidently it was found that the cracks type, size and orientation are more visible using the proposes method, while the speed of calibrating the EL images are in the range of 0.1s to 0.3s, excluding the EL imaging time.

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Section: Enhancing Solar Cell Micro Cracks Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Ultrafast High-Resolution Solar Cell Cracks Detection Process

Dhimish

Mather

2020

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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Direct Determination of the Steady State and Time‐Resolved Quasi‐Fermi Level Separation in Organic Solar Cells from Electroluminescence Measurements

Faisst

List

Heinz

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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large-scale production is still hampered by rather low efficiencies in larger areas and also their long-term stability has yet to be demonstrated for devices with high-efficiency absorber materials. The power conversion efficiency of small area lab devices was increased significantly in the last few years and peaks at >18% for cells with a size of < 0.1 cm 2 and >15% for cells with at least 1 cm 2 . [1][2][3][4] Further advancements in efficiency and lifetime required for the commercialization of OPV are to be realized through novel, further improved organic semiconductors in the photoactive layer and improved charge carrier selectivity in the electron and hole transport layers. This must be accompanied by an ever more detailed understanding of the factors actually limiting device performance. Improved understanding is in part achieved through advanced characterization techniques. Among them, photo-and electroluminescence (PL and EL) (spectroscopy) play a crucial role and they already have proven to be very valuable for all types of crystalline inorganic solar cells. This is because, in these types of devices, the luminescence signal originates from the radiative recombination of free electrons and holes and is, therefore, a direct measure of the product of their concentrations within the material from where the emission stems, that is, usually the photoactive layer. However, in the case of organic solar cells, photoluminescence is not straightforward to interpret as the charge generation and recombination processes are more complex in organic absorber materials. In the latter, the absorption of a photon generates a rather strongly bound exciton in the donor or the acceptor phase. Then, the exciton might diffuse to a donor/acceptor interface where it can dissociate into free charge carriers, an electron in the acceptor and a hole in the donor, respectively. Although this works remarkably well as indicated by the high internal quantum efficiencies of high-performing organic solar cells, [28] some of these excitons will decay before they can form free charge carriers. And from those, a certain fraction will do this in a radiative manner, thus emitting luminescence. Important to note here is the fact that the probability for their decay to be radiative is much larger than for free charge carriers that recombine via charge transfer (CT) states at the donor/acceptor interface. [3,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] As a consequence, the PL signal of an organic solar cell is dominatedThe detection of photoluminescence (PL) is an important characterization method for many photovoltaic technologies providing direct information about the separation of the quasi-Fermi levels (QFL), ΔE F . However, for organic solar cells, the PL is dominated by excitons, which decay radiatively before they form free charge carriers via dissociation at donor/acceptor interfaces. This (major) part of the PL signal does therefore not correlate with ΔE F . In contrast, electroluminescence (EL) stems from injected electrons and holes, which recom...

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Determination of Free Charge Carrier Luminescence and Quasi‐Fermi Level Separation in Organic Solar Cells via Transient Photoluminescence Measurements

List

Faisst

Heinz

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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The detection of photoluminescence (PL) is extremely valuable for photovoltaic technologies as it provides direct information about the free charge carrier densities and therefore about the separation of the quasi‐Fermi levels (ΔEF). However, for organic solar cells the PL is strongly dominated by photogenerated excitons that in part decay radiatively before they form free charge carriers via dissociation at a donor/acceptor interface. For this reason, it is impossible to deduce the free charge carrier densities and ΔEF directly from the PL signal. To overcome this severe limitation, a new approach is developed that allows disentangling the luminescence of photogenerated excitons from the one of free charge carriers. Due to the large difference in respective lifetimes—for photogenerated excitons it is ≤ ns whereas for free charge carriers it is in the µs‐range—this is achieved by time‐resolved PL measurements. For highly efficient organic solar cells, it is found that ΔEF determined from these PL transients matches perfectly with the electrical voltage. Moreover, the new method also allows for the determination of ΔEF from mere absorber films without electrodes and thus paves the way for a better understanding of organic solar cells.

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Quality control method based on photoluminescence imaging for the performance prediction of c-Si/a-Si:H heterojunction solar cells in industrial production lines

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Ultrafast High-Resolution Solar Cell Cracks Detection Process

Ultrafast High-Resolution Solar Cell Cracks Detection Process

Direct Determination of the Steady State and Time‐Resolved Quasi‐Fermi Level Separation in Organic Solar Cells from Electroluminescence Measurements

Determination of Free Charge Carrier Luminescence and Quasi‐Fermi Level Separation in Organic Solar Cells via Transient Photoluminescence Measurements

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