Quality control of mass-produced GEM detectors for the CMS GE1/1 muon upgrade

Abbas, M.; Abbrescia, M.; Abdalla, H.; Abdelalim, A. A.; Zeid, S. Abu; Agapitos, A.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmed, A.; Ahmed, W.; Aimè, Chiara; Aruta, C.; Asghar, Ikram; Aspell, P.; Ávila, C.; Babbar, J.; Ban, Y.; Band, R.; Bansal, S.; Benussi, L.; Beyrouthy, T.; Bhatnagar, V.; Bianco, M.; Bianco, S.; Black, K. M.; Borgonovi, L.; Bouhali, O.; Braghieri, A.; Braibant, S.; Butalla, S.; Calzaferri, S.; Caponero, M.; Carlson, J.; Cassese, Francesco Peluso; Cavallo, N.; Chauhan, S.; Colafranceschi, S.; Colaleo, A.; Collins, Jack H.; Garcia, A. Conde; Dalchenko, M.; Lentdecker, G. De; Olio, D. Dell; Robertis, G. De; Dharmaratna, W. G. D.; Dildick, S.; Dorney, B.; Erbacher, R.; Fabozzi, F.; Fallavollita, F.; Ferraro, Alberto; Fiorina, D.; Fontanesi, E.; Franco, M.; Galloni, C.; Giacomelli, P.; Gigli, S.; Gilmore, J.; Gola, M.; Gruchala, M.; Gutiérrez, A.; Hakkarainen, T.; Hauser, J.; Höepfner, K.; Hohlmann, M.; Hoorani, H. R.; Huang, T.; Iaydjiev, P.; Irshad, A.; Iorio, A. De; Ivone, F.; Jang, W.; Jaramillo, J.; Juodagalvis, A.; Juska, E.; Kailasapathy, B.; Kamon, T.; Kang, Yechan; Karchin, P. E.; Kaur, A.; Kaur, Harpreet; Keller, H.; Kim, H.; Kim, J.; Kim, S.; Ko, B.; Kumar, Ashok; Kumar, S.; Lacalamita, N.; Lee, Jason Sang Hun; Levin, A.; Li, Qiang; Licciulli, F.; Lista, L.; Liyanage, K.; Loddo, F.; Luhach, M.; Maggi, M.; Maghrbi, Y.; Majumdar, N.; Malagalage, Kithsiri; Malhotra, S.; Martiradonna, S.; Mclean, C.; Merlin, Jeremie Alexandre; Misheva, M.; Mocellin, G.; Moureaux, L.; Muhammad, A.; Muhammad, S.; Mukhopadhyay, Supratik; Naimuddin, M.; Nuzzo, S.; Oliveira, Rui de; Paolucci, P.; Park, I.C.; Passamonti, L.; Passeggio, G.; Peck, A.; Pellecchia, A.; Perera, N.; Pétré, L.; Petrow, H.; Piccolo, D.; Pierluigi, D.; Rahmani, M.; Ramírez, F.; Ranieri, A.; Rashevski, G.; Regnery, B.; Ressegotti, M.; Riccardi, C.; Rodozov, M.; Romano, E.; Roskas, C.; Rossi, B.; Rout, P. K.; Ruiz, J.D.; Russo, A.; Safonov, A.; Sahota, A.K.; Saltzberg, D.; Saviano, G.; Shah, Aashaq; Sharma, A.; Sharma, R.; Sheokand, T.; Shopova, M.; Simonetto, F.; Singh, J. B.; Sonnadara, U.; Stamerra, A.; Starling, E.; Stone, B.; Sturdy, J.; Sultanov, G.; Szillási, Z.; Teague, D.; Teyssier, D.; Tuuva, T.; Tytgat, M.; Vai, I.; Vanegas, N.; Venditti, R.; Verwilligen, P.; Vetens, W.; Virdi, A. K.; Vitulo, P.; Khan, W. A.; Wang, D.; Wang, K.; Watson, I. J.; Wickramage, N.; Wickramarathna, D. D. C.; Yang, S.; Yang, U. K.; Yang, Yadan; Yongho, J.; Yoon, I.; Zhou, You; Yu, I.; Zaleski, S.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.166716

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This design implies that the same channel of the board powers the same electrode of both connected detectors. Due to the fact that A1515-tg is a multichannel board where the voltage of each electrode can be set independently, it was chosen to use the current 𝐼 eq flowing in the reference resistor divider, presented in [6], to easily identify with a single number the set of 7 voltages to operate the detector. The proportions between the voltages are indeed set by the reference resistor divider, used during the detector quality control phases.…”

Section: High Voltage Distribution For Ge1/1 Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of discharge events in the CMS GE1/1 GEM detectors in presence of LHC beam

Calzaferri

2024

J. Inst.

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In July 2022, the experiments installed on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator ring started a new data taking phase, Run-3. Before this period, an upgrade campaign took place during the so called Long Shutdown 2 (2018–2022). In particular, the muon system of the CMS experiment has been upgraded with the installation of a new gas detector station, GE1/1, based on Gas Electron Multiplier technology (GEM). The CMS experiment has scheduled the installation of two additional GEM stations: GE2/1 and ME0. The aim of the GEM stations is to maintain the performance of the muon system, reached during the last data taking phase (Run-2), with the increase of instantaneous luminosity expected at the LHC. The installed GE1/1 station covers the pseudorapidity region 1.55 <|η|< 2.18. GE1/1 participated in the CMS Run-3 data taking from July to November 2022 and, in this period, its detectors were exposed for the first time to the radiation produced during the collisions of the LHC beams, with a center of mass energy of 13.6 TeV. Since the first days of Run-3, where only a few bunches collided in CMS, the GE1/1 detectors started to experience a significant number of discharges, affecting their smooth operation during the data taking. In this talk, we present an analysis of discharges, which started by simply counting the number of discharges occurring per detector. An interesting phenomenon observed was that the discharge rate can vary a lot among the installed detectors; this is due to the fact that the occurrence of discharges is driven by the manufacturing of the GEM foils used in the detectors. Imperfections in their manufacturing can lead to large variation in the discharge rate. In addition, the rate can vary in time, due to the fact that discharges can produce damage at the site generating them, deactivating a particular hole or, in the worst case, producing a short circuit in the GEM foil, deactivating a part of the foil amplification region. We present the evolution of the discharge rate in time and its dependence on the HV working point and on the luminosity delivered by the LHC beams. This contribution illustrates the actions taken to mitigate the discharge rate and to assure a smooth detector operation.

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Section: High Voltage Distribution For Ge1/1 Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of discharge events in the CMS GE1/1 GEM detectors in presence of LHC beam

Calzaferri

2024

J. Inst.

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“…Finally, the set of voltages applied on the 7 electrodes is identified by the current 𝐼 eq flowing in a reference resistor divider (𝑅 = 4.7 MΩ) as discussed in [6].…”

Section: Design Of Hv Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of discharges in the CMS GEM GE1/1 station with LHC beam

Calzaferri

2023

J. Inst.

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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the experiments installed there are being upgraded for the High Luminosity LHC project that will provide a greatly enlarged data sample in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model. During Long Shutdown 2, from 2018 to the first months of 2022, some of these upgrades were completed. In particular, the muon spectrometer of the CMS experiment was upgraded with installation of the GE1/1 detector station, based on Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology. This station is positioned in the endcap region of the CMS muon system and covers the pseudorapidity range 1.55 < |η| < 2.18. On the 5th of July, 2022, Run 3 of the LHC began with collision energy of 13.6 TeV. The newly installed GEM detectors experienced high-voltage discharges when the beams were colliding inside CMS. To monitor these events and to understand how to safely operate the detectors, a study of these phenomena became necessary. The intensity of discharge current and the discharge rate were recorded in different detectors as a function of luminosity and time. It was observed that some chambers have a significantly higher discharge rate than the modal value of rate over the entire chamber population. The reasons responsible for this behavior are currently under investigation. In this contribution, an analysis of discharges will be presented, illustrating the dependence of discharge rate on different LHC beam configurations and the high voltage working point of the chambers.

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“…4a. Time constant 𝜏> 3.04 h ensures that the leak rate will remain below 1% of the total incoming flow rate [2].…”

Section: Pos(ichep2022)965mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The slope value of the fit corresponds to the measured resistor value, 𝑅 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟 𝑒𝑑 , the register sum of the HV filter and the HV divider corresponds to 𝑅 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 . To pass the test, the resistor deviation must be less than 3% [2]. A nonlinearity would indicate the presence of unstable parasitic impedance, which can be caused by a defect on the HV circuit or a GEM foil problem.…”

Section: Qc4: V I Linearity and Intrinsic Noise Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and quality control of the GEM GE2/1 detector for the upgrade of the CMS endcap muon system

Kim¹,

Merlin²

2022

Proceedings of 41st International Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(ICHEP2022)

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The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment is a general-purpose detector installed in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The future High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC) will provide a factor of 7 increase in luminosity compared with the design value of the LHC. To accommodate this increase and to enhance the performance of the CMS experiment, the forward region of the muon system will be equipped with 3 new sets of stations employing triple-foil Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors. These three stations, GE1/1, GE2/1, and ME0 will enhance acceptance, longevity, redundancy, and triggering efficiency while operating in the harsh radiation environment of the HL-LHC. The GE1/1 station was installed during the technical stop of 2019/2020. The GE2/1 station will be installed during the year end technical stop (YETS) of 2023/2024. The GE2/1 detector construction started in 2021 utilizing advanced quality controls (QC) and performance checks. We describe the GE2/1 chamber geometry, the multi-institutional production of chambers, the QC procedures, and the results from these QC measurements.

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Quality control of mass-produced GEM detectors for the CMS GE1/1 muon upgrade

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Analysis of discharge events in the CMS GE1/1 GEM detectors in presence of LHC beam

Analysis of discharge events in the CMS GE1/1 GEM detectors in presence of LHC beam

Study of discharges in the CMS GEM GE1/1 station with LHC beam

Production and quality control of the GEM GE2/1 detector for the upgrade of the CMS endcap muon system

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