“…The use of quality control tools that are normally applied within the particular applied discipline may be employed when the quality of the deliverables is assured and controlled (ASQ, 2019). However, in the complex systems development of aircraft manufacturing, integrated system components such as navigation systems, cabling, communications equipment, and components are subject to quality compliance at the component-level manufacturing process (Flouris & Lock, 2016;Vieira, Vieira, Chain, & Bravo, 2017;Feng, Huang, Jin, Li, He, & Yu, 2020). Quality tools associated with corresponding manufacturing tasks therefore have already been utilized prior to the acquisition of the components by the project.…”