Quality control with time-domain NMR

Mobile single-sided NMR

“…Low-field desk-top NMR is a validated method for determining the fat content in seeds [499] via the spin-echo amplitude at a specified echo time according to international standards [500]. Different 1D methods of timedomain NMR without and with diffusion weighting are used for example to determine the fat content in meat [501], the solid/liquid content in fats and oils [502], the droplet-size distribution of emulsions [136,503,504], the maturing of fruit and vegetables [505], and to study the baking process of bread [506]. While a single-or multiple-point analysis of the free induction decay or echo envelope has been the routine approach in the past, multivariate methods of analysis following chemometric principles improve the discrimination accuracy among similar samples [497,501,506,507].…”

“…Furthermore, single-sided NMR can be used to determine the fat content [510,520], for example, in live fish as a measure for selecting fish for breeding (Fig. 35e) [476] and promises to be of interest for the analysis of a variety of packed foods [135,136,504] as well as for determining droplet size distributions [522].…”

Hyphenated low‐field NMR techniques: combining NMR with NIR, GPC/SEC and rheometry

“…Modern protocols for NMR data treatment, such as multivariate data analysis, are also employed in low‐field NMR . Some well‐known examples of applications using low‐field NMR include the study of droplet sizes in emulsions, the determination of molecular dynamics in polymeric materials and the quantification of hard/soft ratios in multicomponent materials …”

Non-invasive ‘through-package’ assessment of the microstructural quality of a model food emulsion by the NMR MOUSE

“…Despite these successes, one has to conclude that these techniques have their limitations with respect to versatility when it comes to assessment of a broad range of microstructural parameters. NMR is a good candidate to fulfil such a role, and within the foods industry it is applied to assess a range of microstructural features on (relatively) low-cost benchtop spectrometers (Todt, Burk, Guthausen, Kamlowski, & Schmalbein, 2001). However, since these applications still require that a sample is taken and placed in the benchtop NMR spectrometer, this technology still belongs to domain of the 'classical' process and quality control laboratory.…”