Quality in Use of an Android-based Mobile Application for Calculation of Bone Mineral Density with the Standard ISO/IEC 25022

Abstract

One of the most critical bone diseases is osteoporosis, which can be evaluated through measurements of bone mineral density. Though there is a lot of commercialized portable about health in general, few are oriented towards bone health and with a lack of user-friendly interface and data management system. This paper presents a mobile application development for the calculation of the Bone Mineral density, which integrates with Google technology. The Mobile-D methodology for the development of mobile applications, due to the sequentially in the processes or stages is used. Bone mineral density (BMD) was calculated using anthropometric regression equations, and an Android-based Mobile Application with Google technology was developed. By using Firebase Authentication and Firebase Storage provided by Google technology, it allows admin to have full control over database management. In short, this mobile application allows the calculation of the BMD of the students and data storage and data uploading to cloud storage for post-processing, online data management system with user authentication. In addition, the Internacional Organization for Standardization / International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) 25022 standard was used to evaluate the quality in use of the mobile app, resulting in 93% of quality in use, this app being able to be used by health professionals for better decision-making.

Digital Health Technologies for Long-term Self-management of Osteoporosis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…All selected articles were published in journals over the preceding 8 years (2014-2021), with a notable increase in publications since 2017. The publications comprised feasibility studies [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], design and development articles [40][41][42][61][62][63], and case studies [43][44][45][46][47]. Among these studies, 41% (13/32) of articles were RCTs [36,37,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

“…Among these studies, 41% (13/32) of articles were RCTs [36,37,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Although most of the articles have a direct relation to osteoporosis [31,[40][41][42]49,52,57,[61][62][63], some of the selected articles refer to apps that are useful and indirectly related to osteoporosis; that is, they are not specifically designed for osteoporosis yet can be potentially useful in managing the disease [32,33,[35][36][37]39,45,51,[53][54][55]58]. The included mHealth apps can be classified into different research themes: (1) monitoring apps (tracking patients' daily nutrition, exercises, and symptoms) [34-36, 38, 40, 41, 44, 46-48, 50-55, 57-59, 64], (2) assessment apps (providing health professionals and patients various tests for assessing patients) [32,33], and (3) measurement apps (measuring certain parameters or variables related to osteoporosis) [43,[61][62][63].…”

“…Although most of the articles have a direct relation to osteoporosis [31,[40][41][42]49,52,57,[61][62][63], some of the selected articles refer to apps that are useful and indirectly related to osteoporosis; that is, they are not specifically designed for osteoporosis yet can be potentially useful in managing the disease [32,33,[35][36][37]39,45,51,[53][54][55]58]. The included mHealth apps can be classified into different research themes: (1) monitoring apps (tracking patients' daily nutrition, exercises, and symptoms) [34-36, 38, 40, 41, 44, 46-48, 50-55, 57-59, 64], (2) assessment apps (providing health professionals and patients various tests for assessing patients) [32,33], and (3) measurement apps (measuring certain parameters or variables related to osteoporosis) [43,[61][62][63]. Among all the selected studies, only one of the studies conducted by Ravn Jakobsen et al [65] used participatory design involving all stakeholders, including researchers, women, physicians, health care professionals, and app designers, in the design process of the app named My Osteoporosis Journey.…”

“…The apps that scored the highest score (equal to or above the raw cutoff, 2.7), both in research and in the web-based market, provided more features, thus, reflecting a more holistic management of osteoporosis and its symptoms [31,40,52,59]. Apps that scored lower had fewer features or were designed for a single purpose, such as measuring spine curvature [63] or BMD [61] (Figure 1A). Approximately 87% (28/32) of the apps provided feedback to users, and 69% (22/32) allowed users to share or export their data and to have an individualized plan based on their individual needs and health goals.…”

“…This might be because of the elevated cost of the trials and the long time required to recruit patients [66,67]. In addition, some apps did not publish evidence of their usability and acceptability among users [61,62]. From the scoring system created in Figures 1 and 2, it was possible to observe gaps in the provided features.…”