Quality Issues in Water Sampling, Sample Pre‐Treatment and Monitoring

Bogialli, Sara; Polesello, Stefano

doi:10.1002/9781118339558.ch09

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 63 publications

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“…The samples were frozen immediately after sampling and stored at -20°C until analysis (for approximately one week). Cooling between 0-4°C (few days only) and freezing at -20°C (longer time periods) are the most common preservation techniques for organic samples that cannot be analyzed soon after sampling (Bogialli et al, 2014). Prior to analyses, water samples were thawed and then filtrated on 0.2 μ PTFE filters.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad spectrum screening of 463 organic contaminants in rivers in Macedonia

Stipaničev

Dragun

Repec

et al. 2017

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Target screening of 463 organic contaminants in surface water using ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) with direct injection was performed in spring of 2015 in northern Macedonia, at six sampling sites in four rivers belonging to Vardar basin: Kriva, Zletovska, Bregalnica and Vardar. The aim of the study was to differentiate between various types of organic contamination characteristic for different types of anthropogenic activities, such as mining, agriculture, and urbanization. Depending on the studied river, 9-16% of analyzed compounds were detected. The highest total levels of organic contaminants were recorded in agriculturally impacted Bregalnica River (1839-1962ngL) and Vardar River downstream from the city of Skopje (1945ngL), whereas the lowest level was found in the mining impacted Zletovska River (989ngL). The principal organic contaminants of the Bregalnica River were herbicides (45-55% of all detected compounds; 838-1094ngL), with the highest concentrations of bentazone (407-530ngL) and molinate (84-549ngL), common herbicides in rice cultivation. The main organic contaminants in the other rivers were drugs (70-80% of all detected compounds), with antibiotics as a predominant drug class. The highest drug concentrations were measured in the Vardar River, downstream from Skopje (1544ngL). Screening of surface water by UHPLC-QTOF-MS was proven as a practical tool for fast collection of comprehensive preliminary information on organic contamination of natural waters, which can present a significant contribution in the monitoring and preservation of good ecological status of freshwater ecosystems.

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Section: Sample Preparation and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%