This study aims to identify main factors affecting students' social inclusion in universities. A selfadministered questionnaire has been administered to a stratified sample of 360 students from three research universities of Malaysia. Through conducting factor analysis, ten constructs including legibility, social relation, hostel quality, facilities, extracurricular activities, accessibility, safety, comfort, academic services, and transportation were identified. The findings of the study can be used by university administrators as a guide for better understanding of students' needs and allocate resources effectively in the campus environment.Keywords: Social inclusion, Campus, Student, Exploratory factor analysis eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018 Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i12.123 Sepideh Sedaghatnia, S., et.al. / Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies (AjBeS), 3(12) Jul / Aug 2018 (p.53-62) 54
. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for EnvironmentBehaviour Studies), Faculty of
IntroductionHigher education is becoming increasingly globalized and internationalized (Robson, 2011). Due to a large and diverse population of students, universities have played a vital role in providing a conducive learning environment that not only attracts students, but also engages them effectively within the universities (Crosling et al., 2008). One of the ways institutions reaches this goal is meeting students' needs by measuring their satisfaction (Zhai, 2012). Student satisfaction includes the students' subjective experiences during the college years and perceptions of the educational experiences value (Astin, 1993). Moreover, it has a positive relationship to the desired outcome such as academic performance, positive word of mouth (WOM), retention and loyalty (Arambewela & Hall, 2009).Accordingly, numerous empirical studies have investigated different factors influencing student satisfaction from three perspectives. The first approach is highlighted by studies that examine service quality models in higher education institutions. Scholars argued that university facilities and services have an impact on student satisfaction (e.g. Joseph and Joseph, 1997;Price et al., 2003;Douglas et al., 2006;Petruzzellis et al., 2006;Gruber et al., 2010). The second approach indicates previous studies, which address student quality of life in universities (Sirgy et al., 2007; Arsalan & Akkas, 2013). The third approach is the one that measure student engagement by the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE). This instrument measures student involvement in meaningful educational activities (Astin, 1984;Pascarella & Ter...