Quality of Drug in Health Facilities: A Cross-sectional Study

Karki, Kshitij; Dhakal, Niraj; Humagain, Baburam; Pandit, Arpana; Acharya, Trishna

doi:10.33314/jnhrc.v18i4.2896

Cited by 2 publications

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“…al. [ 14 ] and Karki KB et al [ 15 ] also identified 32.5% (out of 40 brands) and 4.21% (out of 214 samples) substandard drugs respectively in Nepal. Thus, the availability of substandard medicines in Nepal suggests for the improvement in the national regulatory system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of substandard medicines in the pharmaceutical market of Nepal has been a concern for many years. Several studies and investigations have found evidence of substandard medicines being sold in Nepal [ 14 , 15 ]. Studies have found substandard medicines in a range of therapeutic areas, including antibiotics, which can lead to treatment failure, drug resistance, and adverse effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of quality of essential medicines in public health care facilities of Nepal: Findings of nationwide study

Dhakal

Humagain²,

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Essential medicines are those medicines that satisfy the primary health care needs of the citizens. Poor quality of essential medicines can have serious impact on public health. Thus, this study is aimed to assess the quality of essential medicines available in public health care facilities of Nepal. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in 62 health facilities across 21 districts, representing all seven provinces of Nepal and selected proportionately from all three ecological regions i.e. Terai, Hill and Mountain using lottery method. Health facilities in selected districts were chosen using random number generator. Face to face interview was taken with health facility in charge using structured questionnaire. All storage conditions information was recorded through observation checklists. Temperature and humidity were measured using a digital instrument. Similarly, 20 different generic medicines were collected for quality testing. The obtained data were entered in Epidata version 3.1, cleaned in Microsoft Excel 2007 and analyzed in SPSS version 16.0. Among 62 health facilities, only 13% of health facilities were found to follow the medicine storage guidelines, with temperature and humidity levels exceeding recommended limits. Out of 244 batches of 20 different generics of essential medicines, 37 batches were found to be substandard. These substandard medicines were- Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride eye/ear drop, Iron supplement tablets, Metformin Hydrochloric tablet, Metronidazole Tablets, Paracetamol Oral suspension, Paracetamol tablet and Povidone Iodine solution. The study recommends the urgent need for the Government of Nepal to prioritize ensuring the quality of essential medicines in the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of quality of essential medicines in public health care facilities of Nepal: Findings of nationwide study

Dhakal

Humagain²,

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

Self Cite

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“…The country's basic healthcare delivery is facilitated by unqualified conventional practitioners and medicine distributors, lacking official professional qualifications or trainings. This situation led to irrational dispensing of antimicrobials, often in situations when they are unnecessary [7,8]. The pharmacies and medical stores in Nepal operate under the regulations outlined in the Drug Act of 1978 [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring knowledge, perceptions, and practices of antimicrobials, and their resistance among medicine dispensers and community members in Kavrepalanchok District of Nepal

Marasini,

Sharma,

Joshi

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Inappropriate use of antimicrobials is a global public health issue, particularly in developing countries, including Nepal, where over-the-counter sales and self-medication of antimicrobials are common. Objectives To explore knowledge, perceptions, and practices of antimicrobials and their resistance among medicine dispensers and community members in Nepal. Methods The study was conducted in three rural and five urban municipalities of the Kavrepalanchok district from May 2021 to August 2021. Data were collected using two qualitative approaches: In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis that combined deductive and inductive approaches to identify codes under pre-specified themes. Results A total of 16 In-depth interviews with medicine dispensers and 3 focus group discussions with community members were conducted. Knowledge regarding antimicrobial resistance varied among dispensers. Those with a prior educational background in pharmacy often had good knowledge about the causes and consequences of antimicrobial resistance. Meanwhile, consumers were less aware of antimicrobial resistance. Community members perceived antimicrobials as effective medicines but not long-term solution for treating diseases. They reported that dispensing without a prescription was common and that both consumers and dispensers were responsible for the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. On the contrary, several dispensers said that self-medication was common among the consumers, especially among more educated groups. The medicine dispensers and consumers expressed concerns about the weak enforcement of policies regarding pharmacy drug use and dispensing practices. Conclusion Promoting and strengthening the appropriate use of antimicrobials among medicine dispensers and community members is crucial. Bold policies and collective implementation of regulations could help combat antimicrobial resistance.

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Quality of Drug in Health Facilities: A Cross-sectional Study

Cited by 2 publications

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Assessment of quality of essential medicines in public health care facilities of Nepal: Findings of nationwide study

Assessment of quality of essential medicines in public health care facilities of Nepal: Findings of nationwide study

Exploring knowledge, perceptions, and practices of antimicrobials, and their resistance among medicine dispensers and community members in Kavrepalanchok District of Nepal

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