Quality of Life and Mental Health Status in Recovered COVID-19 Subjects at Two Years after Infection in Taizhou, China: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Abstract

According to previous studies, mental status in 1-year COVID-19 survivors might range from 6–43%. Longer-term psychological consequences in recovered COVID-19 subjects are unknown, so we analyzed longer-term quality of life and mental status in recovered COVID-19 subjects at 2 years after infection. Among 144 recovered COVID-19 subjects in the Taizhou region, 73 and 45 completed face-to-face follow-ups at the first year and second year after infection, respectively, with a 61.7% follow-up rate. The questionnaire, which was administered at both follow-ups, included questions about quality of life, psychological health, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to the differences of each scale between the first and second year. Among the 45 people who completed both follow-up visits, the incidence of psychological problems was 4.4% (2/45) in the first year, and no new psychological abnormalities were observed in the second year. Quality of life improved, while the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) scores did not improve over time. The incidence of mental disorders was lower than those in previous studies. Multidisciplinary management for COVID-19 in this study hospital may have reduced the frequency to a certain extent. However, among those with mental health problems, such problems may exist for a long time, and long-term attention should be given to the psychological status of recovered COVID-19 subjects.

EuroQol-5D-3L in Long Covid patients After Supplementation with EchA Marine®, a Sea Urchin Eggs Extract: a double-blinded, multicentrical study

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted June 5, 2023. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.31.23290798 doi: medRxiv preprint valuable tool for assessing quality of life in a wide range of medical conditions and appears to be particularly useful for assessing the quality of life in patients with Long-COVID-19 [9,16,17] . With specific reference to Long-COVID, the EuroQol has been able to detect the decrease in health-related quality of life and has been able to demonstrate that Long COVID involves a significantly higher disability rate than that which is seen in the general population [9,18,19,20] .…”

“…These symptoms can include fatigue, difficulty in breathing, headache, loss of smell and taste, and muscle pains, amongst others. Patients with Long COVID experience a significant decrease in their quality of life, making them particularly vulnerable to the various negative effects of Long COVID [7,8,9] . To date, the Long COVID syndrome is not fully understood and the lack of effective treatment represents an unmet need in medical care and patient health [10] .…”

EuroQol-5D-3L in Long Covid patients After Supplementation with EchA Marine®, a Sea Urchin Eggs Extract: a double-blinded, multicentrical study.

“…These symptoms can include fatigue, di culty in breathing, headache, loss of smell and taste, and muscle pains, amongst others. Patients with Long COVID experience a signi cant decrease in their quality of life, making them particularly vulnerable to the various negative effects of Long COVID [7,8,9] . To date, the Long COVID syndrome is not fully understood and the lack of effective treatment represents an unmet need in medical care and patient health [10] .…”

“…Based on these attributes, several studies have implemented the EuroQol questionnaire to evaluate the healthrelated quality of life in patients with Long-COVID [4,12,13,14,15] . Overall, the EuroQol has proven to be a valuable tool for assessing quality of life in a wide range of medical conditions and appears to be particularly useful for assessing the quality of life in patients with Long-COVID-19 [9,16,17] . With speci c reference to Long-COVID, the EuroQol has been able to detect the decrease in health-related quality of life and has been able to demonstrate that Long COVID involves a signi cantly higher disability rate than that which is seen in the general population [9,18,19,20] .…”

Two-Years after Hospital Discharge, How is COVID-19 Patients’ Health Perceived?

“…We had already assessed patients' fatigue and QOL 6 and 12 months after infection onset, and found a persistence of fatigue and a lower quality of life (both in the physical and mental aspect) at the 12 months follow-up [7].To our knowledge few studies have evaluated the fatigue and QOL among patients two years after the infection [8][9][10].…”