Quality of life, functional impairment and continuous performance task event‐related potentials (ERPs) in young adults with ADHD and autism: A twin study

Abstract

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Face processing in young adults with autism and ADHD: An event related potentials study

“…Overall, this community-based sample consisted of 566 (283 twin pairs) participants (271 males) with an average age of 22.44 ± 0.96 years. Ten participants were missing data for all variables included in the analyses for the present study, so the final sample used for analyses included 556 participants [please see Supplementary Material and ( 9 , 44 ) for details of the sample and the exclusion criteria]. Based on the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults 2.0 (DIVA-2) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2), the ADHD-only group included 93 participants, the autism-only group included 31 participants, and 16 participants were in the co-occurring autism+ADHD group (with scores above the threshold in both DIVA-2 and ADOS-2), and 407 participants in the comparison group (CG) (scoring below the threshold in both DIVA-2 and ADOS-2).…”

“…While challenges in social functioning have traditionally been more associated with autism (7), ADHD is also associated with these challenges (8). Atypicalities in social functioning continue into young adulthood in both autism and ADHD (9) and is one of the strongest predictors of poor functional outcomes for both conditions (10)(11)(12)(13). Adequate processing of socioemotional signals from our environment, including perception and interpretation of faces and emotional facial expressions, is crucial for appropriate adaptation to social situations and the development of interpersonal relationships (14).…”

“…Our hypothesis for the P3 component is less clear but based on previous studies, we expected this to be attenuated in ADHD, particularly for negative emotional stimuli. Since the main aim of IDEAS was to understand the variation observed between ADHD and autism in young adulthood, the sample was enriched for high levels of autistic and/or ADHD traits based on childhood and adolescent measures meaning the proportion of individuals with ADHD and autism in this sample is higher than a sample selected randomly from the general population [see (9,44) for details].…”

Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents and adults in the Middle East and North Africa region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Instances of these behaviours include increased motor activity in inappropriate situations, excessive fidgeting, engaging in fingerplay and excessive talkativeness 3. These social challenges might significantly impact daily life functional abilities including personal and educational aspects of individual life 1 4–8…”

Genetic Overlap Between Midfrontal Theta Signals and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Longitudinal Twin Cohort

“…The current sample also enabled us to conduct analyses of the genetic and phenotypic overlap between measures of cognitive control and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD shows high rates of co-occurrence with ADHD ( 44 , 45 ), and the results of twin, family, and genetic studies suggest common etiological pathways ( 46 , 47 , 48 ). Here, we examined whether the genetic and phenotypic structure of cognitive control alterations shared common features across the two conditions.…”