Quality of life in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder: Results from a nationwide Danish survey using self-reports and parental proxy-reports

Knüppel, Ane; Telléus, Gry Kjærsdam; Jakobsen, Helle; Lauritsen, Marlene Briciet

doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2018.09.004

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As hypothesised (and concerningly), the autistic group had poorer QoL across the four domains than did the non-autistic group. The finding that QoL was poorer in autistic individuals is consistent with the literature (Knüppel et al, 2018; Mason et al, 2018; van Heijst & Geurts, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our findings are consistent with reports that mental and physical health are associated with QoL in non-autistic (Caron et al, 2019;Mapatwana et al, 2019;Marques et al, 2017) and autistic (Knüppel et al, 2018;Mason et al, 2018) samples. However, to date, the role of psychological wellbeing in predicting QoL among autistic individuals has not been considered.…”

Section: Cross-sectional Predictors Of Qol Domainssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Similarly, Mason and colleagues (2018) found poor QoL in autistic individuals aged 17–80 years. Factors which are implicated in QoL for autistic individuals include bullying and stress (Hong et al, 2016), co-occurring mental health conditions (Knüppel et al, 2018; Mason et al, 2018), poor sleep (Deserno et al, 2019; Knüppel et al, 2018), poor executive functioning (Dijkhuis et al, 2017), involvement in daytime activity, living arrangements (Knüppel et al, 2018) and autism symptomatology (Knüppel et al, 2018; Mason et al, 2018). Most recently, an examination of a comprehensive range of variables found that insomnia severity was the best predictor of self-reported QoL in autistic adults, using a single QoL question at a 2-year follow-up (Deserno et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of quality of life in autistic individuals from adolescence to adulthood: The role of mental health and sleep quality

Lawson

Richdale

Haschek

et al. 2020

Autism

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Autistic adults experience a higher rate of physical and mental health conditions and lower rates of employment and post-secondary education participation than their non-autistic counterparts, which may affect negatively quality of life. Limited information exists on predictors of quality of life for autistic individuals, or how quality of life compares to non-autistic individuals. Our aims were to (a) examine and compare indicators of physical (e.g. sleep quality) and mental health (e.g. anxiety) on quality of life among a sample of 244 autistic and 165 non-autistic individuals aged 15–80 years and (b) examine factors contributing to quality of life 2 years later among the autistic sample ( n = 93). Participants were from two Australian longitudinal studies. The pattern of results for quality of life was similar across the autistic and non-autistic groups, with depression symptomatology, psychological well-being, sleep quality and autonomic symptoms all significantly predicting quality of life. In addition, among the autistic group, baseline quality of life had the greatest influence on quality of life 2 years later. These findings have implications for support services for autistic individuals, implying that in order to improve quality of life, mental health, particularly depression, needs addressing. Given known relationships between sleep and mental health, an intervention addressing these may have greatest clinical impact on quality of life among autistic individuals. Lay Abstract Research shows that autistic adults are at risk of a range of physical (e.g. sleep difficulties) and mental health (e.g. anxiety) conditions, as well as lower employment and post-secondary education participation; these all can affect one’s quality of life. However, we have little information about what affects quality of life for autistic individuals across the lifespan and whether this differs from non-autistic people. We determined what factors (e.g. mental or physical health challenges) affected quality of life in a large group of autistic individuals aged 15–80 years compared with similar age non-autistic individuals. We also examined what factors affected quality of life of the autistic group 2 years later. We found a similar pattern of results for the autistic and non-autistic groups; depression symptoms, psychological well-being, sleep quality and autonomic symptoms (e.g. sweating) were all significant predictors of quality of life. In addition, among the autistic group, baseline quality of life had the most influence on quality of life 2 years later. These results have implications for support services, as they highlight the relationship between mental health (especially depression) and quality of life. Given that sleep challenges (e.g. insomnia) are related to mental health, an intervention addressing both insomnia and mental health may be most useful in helping autistic individuals improve their quality of life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Cross-sectional Predictors Of Qol Domainssupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of quality of life in autistic individuals from adolescence to adulthood: The role of mental health and sleep quality

Lawson

Richdale

Haschek

et al. 2020

Autism

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“…Considerable controversies exist regarding the classification of ON as some researchers suggest that ON is similar to the currently recognized ED, obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD), somatoform disorders, and autism spectrum disorders [4,5]. However, so far, no diagnostic criteria have been proposed for orthorexia [3,6], and ON is also not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthorexic Tendency and Eating Disorders Symptoms in Polish Students: Examining Differences in Eating Behaviors

Plichta

Jeżewska-Zychowicz

2020

Nutrients

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Orthorexia nervosa (ON) may precede, ensue, or coexist with eating disorders (ED) and also affect eating behaviors. The aim of this study was to explore the dietary patterns (DPs) and other eating habits of people showing ON tendency, ED symptoms, and both ON tendency and ED symptoms, as well as those not showing either. The data for the study were collected from a sample of 1120 Polish college students through a cross-sectional survey in 2017. The questionnaire used in the survey included the ORTO-15, the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care (ESP), and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-6), and the students were also asked questions about their eating habits and special diets. A factor analysis was conducted to identify the following five DPs: “high-sugar products and refined products,” “meat and meat products,” “alcohol,” “high-fiber products and nuts,” and “dairy products and whole-meal bread.” Univariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to verify the associations between the variables. Students in the “ON and without ED” group were found to exhibit more healthy eating habits than the students in the “ED and without ON” group. The use of a special diet in the past and currently increased the risk of displaying ON tendency and ED symptoms. Students in the “ON and without ED” and “ON and ED” groups were characterized by less frequent consumption of high-sugar and refined products. Students who rarely consumed meat and related products were found to be less likely to display “ON and ED.” In conclusion, different eating habits shown by people with ON tendency and ED symptoms confirmed the difference between ON and ED. However, the simultaneous displaying of ON and ED leads to the overlapping of specificity of eating habits, which can make the diagnosis based only on the eating habits difficult. Thus, there is still a need for further research involving the use of more sensitive tools that can better identify ON tendency and ED symptoms, as well as DPs.

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“…Notwithstanding, no consensus has been reached, to date, regarding an absolute definition of ON [1,2,3]. While certain authors have suggested classifying ON as a different and independent disorder, others have related it with eating and obsessive–compulsive disorders, whereas others point to similarities with autism spectrum disorders [4,5,6]. To date, ON is not included with a specific diagnosis in the primary mental health manual, the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) [7], nor in the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in a Sample of University Students Using Two Different Self-Report Measures

Parra-Fernández

Onieva-Zafra

Fernández‐Martínez

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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In recent decades, orthorexia nervosa (ON) has increased presence in society. It is related with beliefs and attitudes towards eating and is characterized by an obsessive behavior toward heathy eating. The prevalence of ON has been reported by numerous researchers, with rates varying considerably according to the tool used to evaluate the same parameter. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of ON in a single population using two different questionnaires. The test for the diagnosis of orthorexia (ORTO-11-ES) assessment tool for orthorexia nervosa and the Düsseldorfer Ortorexie Skala (DOS-ES), constitute brief self-report assessment tools which measure the risk of suffering ON. A sample of 492 students from the University of Castilla la Mancha (Spain) participated in this study, of whom 43.1% were male and 56.9% were female. The findings show that, according to the DOS-ES, only 10.5% of students displayed ON whereas, with the ORTO-11-ES, the prevalence of ON increased to 25.2%. The tendency towards orthorexic behavior is more closely associated with the female gender. The Body Mass Index (BMI) had no influence on the tendency for ON. This study provides valuable information on the usefulness of both questionnaires and the possible limitations associated with the use of these tools in the general population.

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Quality of life in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder: Results from a nationwide Danish survey using self-reports and parental proxy-reports

Cited by 57 publications

References 30 publications

Cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of quality of life in autistic individuals from adolescence to adulthood: The role of mental health and sleep quality

Cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of quality of life in autistic individuals from adolescence to adulthood: The role of mental health and sleep quality

Orthorexic Tendency and Eating Disorders Symptoms in Polish Students: Examining Differences in Eating Behaviors

Assessing the Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in a Sample of University Students Using Two Different Self-Report Measures

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