“…To date, studies have shown there to be increased fear in females, older patients, and those with more severe baseline levels of anxiety ( 13 , 24 , 25 ). Findings from our study were similar to these previous reports regarding gender, with higher COVID-19 fear in female nephrolithiasis patients ( 13 , 16 , 24 ). This highlights a potential gender disparity in patient-experienced fear, across multiple health conditions.…”