Quality of Service for Interrupted-Flow Pedestrian Facilities in Highway Capacity Manual 2000

Abstract

The objective of the research described in this paper was to develop the basis for revised operational analysis procedures for transportation facilities with pedestrian users where flow is interrupted by traffic control devices. The paper commences with some background information on pedestrian walking speeds at signalized crossings and on pedestrian noncompliance at these locations. Then both new and revised level-of-service (LOS) tables are provided for analyzing various types of interrupted-flow pedestrian facilities. Results are detailed of a review and synthesis of American and international literature as part of a Federal Highway Administration study of pedestrian and bicycle facilities conducted by North Carolina State University between 1995 and 1998. The year 2000 edition of the U.S. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) will incorporate, either directly or indirectly, most of the revised and synthesized information described in this paper. The research team recommends that the HCM include some background information that will be helpful for analysts timing signals and performing other operations. The authors of this paper recommend assumed crosswalk walking speeds of 1.2 m/s for most areas and 1.0 m/s for crosswalks serving large numbers of older pedestrians. Another important recommendation was to use delay to pedestrians as the basis for level of service at signalized and unsignalized street crossings. The recommended threshold for LOS F at signalized crossings is 60 s or more of delay per pedestrian, whereas at unsignalized crossings it is 45 s or more of delay per pedestrian.

Pedestrian Fatalities and Injuries Involving Irish Older People

“…The walking time upon which signal timing is based in 1.2 m/s in Ireland [34] . This is the same as the recommendations in the United States [35] , United Kingdom [36] and other countries, and is based on research which estimated average walking times at 1.2-1.35 m/s [37,38] . Both of these studies also indicated the slower walking speeds in older groups of 1-1.1 m/s.…”

Age and Group-driven Pedestrian Behaviour: from Observations to Simulations

“…4(a)). The average pedestrian flow rate (7.78 pedestrian/minute/meter) [26] was measured by counting the number of people walking through the delimited area minute by minute (see Fig. 4(b)).…”

Application of SFCA pedestrian simulation model to the signalized crosswalk width design

“…In recent years, a number of studies have been conducted on pedestrian flows at signalized crosswalks (Goh and Lam, 2004;Lam et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2005;Lee and Lam, 2008;Milazzo II et al, 1999;Nakamura et al, 1996). Most of the existing work focused on cases where pedestrian demand flow comes from both sides of the crosswalk namely bi-direction pedestrian flows.…”