Quality of soybean seeds with high mechanical damage index after processing and storage

Abstract

A B S T R A C TThis study aimed to evaluate the quality of soybean seeds with high level of mechanical damages from different processing stages and stored with and without fungicide treatment. Collections of seed samples were performed during the processing at the following points: hopper, pre-cleaning, dryer, cleaning, spiral, sieve-classifier and the gravity table. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 9 x 2 factorial scheme, with 9 collection points and two seed treatments, in four replicates. The seeds were then evaluated immediately after processing and after six months of storage. The processing progressively improved the attributes of soybean seed quality throughout the different stages in which the gravity table plays an important role in the improvement of the physiological and sanitary quality of the lot, favoring the storage potential and vigor of the seeds. The treatment of the seeds with fungicides is effective in controlling fungi before and after storage. The storage of soybean seeds with high level of mechanical damage markedly increases their deterioration.Qualidade de sementes de soja com alto índice de danos mecânicos após beneficiamento e armazenamento R E S U M O Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a qualidade de sementes de soja com elevado índice de danos mecânicos, provenientes de diferentes etapas do beneficiamento e armazenadas com e sem tratamento com fungicida. Foram efetuadas, ao longo do beneficiamento, coletas de amostras de sementes, nos seguintes pontos: moega, prélimpeza, secador, limpeza, espiral, classificador-peneira e densimétrica. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 9 x 2, sendo 9 pontos de coleta e dois tratamentos de sementes, em quatro repetições. As sementes foram avaliadas logo após o beneficiamento e aos seis meses de armazenamento. O beneficiamento melhora os atributos da qualidade de sementes de soja ao longo das diferentes etapas em que a máquina densimétrica desempenha papel importante no aprimoramento da qualidade fisiológica e sanitária do lote favorecendo o vigor das sementes. O tratamento das sementes com fungicidas carbendazim + thiram é eficiente no controle dos fungos de Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. e Aspergilus sp. antes e depois do armazenamento. O armazenamento de sementes de soja, com elevado índice de danos mecânicos, aumenta acentuadamente sua deterioração.

Physiological quality of castor seeds (Ricinus communis L.) after processing

“…The accelerated aging test of soybean seeds showed that, after being categorized by the gravimetric table, there was an increase in the percentage of normal seedlings emerged. Such outcome attests the positive effect of the method on the physiological quality of those seeds (Neves et al, 2016). The same, however, did not occur in castor seeds of both genotypes EFV102 and EFV103, as their physiological quality was merely maintained after processing (groups D1 and D2).…”

“…Seed processing procedures are undeniably relevant to the productive chain, as one of its primary goals is to perfect the quality of the lots, so that the minimum standards for commercialization are met (Baudet et al, 1999;Neves et al, 2016). In this sense, the necessity of keeping the uniformity in water content at safe levels is crucial to prevent seed deterioration, and therefore to assure their storage potential (Antonello et al, 2009;Silva et al, 2010;Silva et al, 2011;Juvino et al, 2014).…”

“…When assessing the electrical conductivity of soybean seeds, Neves at al. (2016) verified more substantial solute leaching due to mechanical injuries caused during drying and processing.…”

“…Conversely, the same did not happen in the cultivars IAC 80 and Al Guarany 2002. Neves et al (2016) concluded that processing improves some quality attributes of soybean seeds during different phases. They realized the densimetric table had a vital role in enhancing the physiological and sanitary aspects of a lot, thus favoring the vigor of the seeds.…”

Immediate and latent effects of drying soybeans with dehydrated air

“…Krzyzanowski (1999) state that mainly mechanical damages can occur during processing, which influences the physical and physiological quality of the seeds, since the falls, transport, mats, elevators and other equipment can cause damage to the seeds. Pinto, Mondo, Gomes-Júnior, and Cicero (2012) and Neve et al (2016) argue that mechanical damage is caused by collisions between seeds or on hard surfaces and that such conditions reduce germination and vigour, which may result in a reduction in their sanitary quality. The results of this study converge to suggest that the cracks arising in the seeds come from the transport of seed mass during the drying and later processing, independent of the physical conditions of the air used in the drying process.…”