Quality of stormwater runoff discharged from Massachusetts highways, 2005-07

Smith, Kirk P.; Granato, Gregory E.

doi:10.3133/sir20095269

Cited by 27 publications

(109 citation statements)

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“…The quality of water appearing as runoff from PFC has been measured by the authors near Austin, TX, and by others in North Carolina, Massachusetts, France, Germany, and The Netherlands (Stotz and Krauth, 1994;Berbee et al, 1999;Pagotto et al, 2000;Barrett, 2008;Smith and Granato, 2010;Eck et al, 2011, andWinston et al, 2011). The aim of the present discussion is a new synthesis of water quality results to present the general trends observed from runoff and effluent concentrations from PFC at varying locations and climates.…”

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Quantifying the Behavior of Porous Asphalt Overlays with Respect to Drainage Hydraulics and Runoff Water Quality

Klenzendorf

Eck²,

Charbeneau

et al. 2012

Environmental & Engineering Geoscience

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Porous pavements are gaining popularity in urban settings on highways based on their water quality benefits, noise reduction characteristics, and the reduced splash and spray they yield in wet weather. Over time, porous pavements can become clogged with sediment, resulting in a decrease in porosity and hydraulic conductivity as well as a loss of drainage benefits. This article provides an overview of water quality benefits and methodology for measuring hydraulic conductivity specifically for permeable friction course (PFC). PFC is a layer of porous asphalt ranging from 2.5 to 5.0 cm thick placed as an overlay on conventional impervious roadways. Research studies show a reduction in total suspended solids and total metals in runoff from PFC surfaces compared to runoff from conventional pavements. Monitoring results were mixed for nutrient removal from PFC. Porosity and hydraulic conductivity data collected over multiple years from different roadways in Austin, TX, are presented. The porosity values of PFC specimens ranged from 0.12 to 0.23. The non-linear flow relationship observed during hydraulic testing requires analysis of the Forchheimer equation, as opposed to the typical Darcy's law. Hydraulic conductivity values ranged from 0.02 to 3.0 cm/s with significant variability. Furthermore, hydraulic modeling of PFC is useful for design purposes and determines when the layer becomes saturated and surface runoff is expected. Flow through PFC is modeled as an unconfined aquifer with an underlying sloping impervious boundary. The use of porous pavements in an urban environment not only improves driving conditions but also helps reduce the adverse impacts of urbanization on surface water and groundwater quality.

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Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Quantifying the Behavior of Porous Asphalt Overlays with Respect to Drainage Hydraulics and Runoff Water Quality

Klenzendorf

Eck²,

Charbeneau

et al. 2012

Environmental & Engineering Geoscience

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“…The highest median milliequivalent mass ratio for K to Cl also was found in samples collected at USGS station 01104475. Tributaries with high percentages of constructed impervious area, likely affected by runoff or groundwater discharges containing deicing compounds, generally had low milliequivalent mass ratios of Ca, Mg, and SO 4 to Cl because deicing compounds typically contain only trace amounts of these ions (Smith and Granato, 2010), and the resulting water matrix is then dominated by Na.…”

Section: Major Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common sources of phosphorus include weathering of natural rocks and soils, fertilizers, and leaking or failing septic tanks. In general, phosphorus is somewhat insoluble and tends to be associated with sediment and plant matter (Smith and Granato, 2010;Breault and others, 2005). As a result, erosion of local soils and even application of sand to roads and parking lots during winter maintenance activities (Smith and Granato, 2010) can increase TP concentrations in receiving waters.…”

Section: Total Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphorus is commonly associated with, or sorbed to, suspended sediment (Smith and Granato, 2010; and increases with turbidity ( fig. 16) Protection, 2016).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Water-quality Properties and Constituent Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific conductance measurements, which typically are used to approximate concentrations of dissolved major ions (Hem, 1982(Hem, , 1992Miller and others, 1988;Church and others, 1996;Granato and Smith, 1999;Smith and Granato, 2010;Smith and Breault, 2011;Smith, 2013), are used in this study to estimate concentrations of dissolved Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, and SO 4 in tributary water and to estimate concentrations and loads of these constituents in the drinkingwater source area. Continuous records of specific conductance are available for all USGS streamgages in the drinking-water source area and are available for nearly every day of the study, representing a variety of hydrologic conditions (base flow, rain, mixed precipitation, and snowmelt runoff events).…”

Section: Concentrations Of Major Ions Estimated From Specific-conductmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Loads and yields of deicing compounds and total phosphorus in the Cambridge drinking-water source area, Massachusetts, water years 2009–15

Smith¹

2017

Scientific Investigations Report

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Estimating Risks for Water-Quality Exceedances of Total-Copper from Highway and Urban Runoff under Predevelopment and Current Conditions with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)

Granato¹,

Jones²

2017

World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017

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The Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM) was used to demonstrate methods for estimating risks for water-quality exceedances of event-mean concentrations (EMCs) of total-copper. Monte Carlo methods were used to simulate stormflow, total-hardness, suspended-sediment, and total-copper EMCs as stochastic variables. These simulations were done for the Charles River basin upstream of Interstate 495 in Bellingham, Massachusetts. The hydrology and water quality of this site were simulated with SELDM by using data from nearby, hydrologically similar sites. Three simulations were done to assess the potential effects of the highway on receiving-water quality with and without highway-runoff treatment by a structural best-management practice (BMP). In the low-development scenario, total copper in the receiving stream was simulated by using a sediment transport curve, sediment chemistry, and sedimentwater partition coefficients. In this scenario, neither the highway runoff nor the BMP effluent caused concentration exceedances in the receiving stream that exceed the once in three-year threshold (about 0.54 percent). In the second scenario, without the highway, runoff from the large urban areas in the basin caused exceedances in the receiving stream in 2.24 percent of runoff events. In the third scenario, which included the effects of the urban runoff, neither the highway runoff nor the BMP effluent increased the percentage of exceedances in the receiving stream. Comparison of the simulated geometric mean EMCs with data collected at a downstream monitoring site indicates that these simulated values are within the 95-percent confidence interval of the geometric mean of the measured EMCs.

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Quality of stormwater runoff discharged from Massachusetts highways, 2005-07

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Quantifying the Behavior of Porous Asphalt Overlays with Respect to Drainage Hydraulics and Runoff Water Quality

Quantifying the Behavior of Porous Asphalt Overlays with Respect to Drainage Hydraulics and Runoff Water Quality

Loads and yields of deicing compounds and total phosphorus in the Cambridge drinking-water source area, Massachusetts, water years 2009–15

Estimating Risks for Water-Quality Exceedances of Total-Copper from Highway and Urban Runoff under Predevelopment and Current Conditions with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)

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