SETTING: Plateau state is in north central Nigeria with population of 3.7 million people in 2011. Treatment of patient using the Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) started since 2001. The cured rate had remained below expected target of ≥ 85%. OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with the outcomes of the treatment. DESIGN: We conducted a cross sectional study among pulmonary TB patients aged ≥ 15 years. We reviewed their medical records, interviewed patients with structured questionnaires and conducted focus group discussions (FGD) about factors that affect TB treatment. Data were analyzed with epiInfo software. RESULTS: Of the 378 respondents, 178 (47%) were smear positive. Cured, failure and default rates were 112 (62.8%), 5 (2.8%) and 5 (2.8%), respectively. Knowledge of duration of treatment and previous medication for TB were associated higher (AOR: 9.62, 95%CI: 2.28-40.68) and lower (AOR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.17) cured rates, respectively. FGD identified unfriendly attitude of health care workers, long distance and transport cost to health facility for DOT as the major barriers to treatment. CONCLUSION: Treatment interruption prevention, patients' education, decentralization of services to reduce distance and positive attitude of health care workers towards the patients will improve outcomes of treatment.