Quality response of clonal black tea to nitrogen fertiliser, plucking interval and plucking standard

Owuor, P.O.; Ng’etich, W. K.; Obanda, Martin

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(200003)80:4<439::aid-jsfa546>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A lack of N in tea plants affects the quality of both green and black tea [26,[30][31][32][33]. Owuor (1997) demonstrated that the quality of green tea increases progressively with an increase in the N supply [26].…”

Section: Crop Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tokuda and Hayatsu (2004) report that Japanese tea growers add as much as 1200 kg N ha −1 year −1 to increase quality [32]. In contrast to green tea, the quality of black tea decreases with excessive N application [33]. The optimum N rate in black tea has been reported to be between 100-200 kg N ha −1 year −1 [33,34].…”

Section: Crop Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to green tea, the quality of black tea decreases with excessive N application [33]. The optimum N rate in black tea has been reported to be between 100-200 kg N ha −1 year −1 [33,34]. Increases in the supply of N fertiliser were reported to increase amino acid concentrations and decrease polyphenol concentrations in leaves.…”

Section: Crop Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying Sustainable Nitrogen Management Practices for Tea Plantations

2022

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Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. It is mostly grown in the tropics with a heavy dependence on mineral nitrogen (N) fertilisers to maintain high yields while minimising the areas under cultivation. However, N is often applied in excess of crop requirements, resulting in substantial adverse environmental impacts. We conducted a systematic literature review, synthesising the findings from 48 studies to assess the impacts of excessive N application on soil health, and identify sustainable, alternative forms of N management. High N applications lead to soil acidification, N leaching to surface and groundwater, and the emission of greenhouse gases including nitrous oxide (N2O). We identified a range of alternative N management practices, the use of organic fertilisers, a mixture of organic and inorganic fertilisers, controlled release fertilisers, nitrification inhibitors and soil amendments including biochar. While many practices result in reduced N loading or mitigate some adverse impacts, major trade-offs include lower yields, and in some instances increased N2O emissions. Practices are also frequently trialled in isolation, meaning there may be a missed opportunity from assessing synergistic effects. Moreover, adoption rates of alternatives are low due to a lack of knowledge amongst farmers, and/or financial barriers. The use of site-specific management practices which incorporate local factors (for example climate, tea variety, irrigation requirements, site slope, and fertiliser type) are therefore recommended to improve sustainable N management practices in the long term.

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Section: Crop Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crop Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying Sustainable Nitrogen Management Practices for Tea Plantations

2022

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“…Theanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and glutamine, were found to be the most abundant free AAs in tea plants (Harbowy et al, 1997). The formation of these metabolites is influenced by factors such as cultivars, seasons, leaf position (age of the leaf), climate and horticultural practices (Ahmed et al, 2014; Lin et al, 2003; Owuor et al, 2000; Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of intercropping leguminous green manure on theanine accumulation in the tea plant: A metagenomic analysis

Duan,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Plant Cell & Environment

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Intercropping is a widely recognised technique that contributes to agricultural sustainability. While intercropping leguminous green manure offers advantages for soil health and tea plants growth, the impact on the accumulation of theanine and soil nitrogen cycle are largely unknown. The levels of theanine, epigallocatechin gallate and soluble sugar in tea leaves increased by 52.87% and 40.98%, 22.80% and 6.17%, 22.22% and 29.04% in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation and soybean alone, respectively. Additionally, intercropping significantly increased soil amino acidnitrogen content, enhanced extracellular enzyme activities, particularly β‐glucosidase and N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase, as well as soil multifunctionality. Metagenomics analysis revealed that intercropping positively influenced the relative abundances of several potentially beneficial microorganisms, including Burkholderia, Mycolicibacterium and Paraburkholderia. Intercropping resulted in lower expression levels of nitrification genes, reducing soil mineral nitrogen loss and N2O emissions. The expression of nrfA/H significantly increased in intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation. Structural equation model analysis demonstrated that the accumulation of theanine in tea leaves was directly influenced by the number of intercropping leguminous green manure species, soil ammonium nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen. In summary, the intercropping strategy, particularly intercropping with soybean–Chinese milk vetch rotation, could be a novel way for theanine accumulation.

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“…The content and composition of a tea's chemical components change during the development of young shoots [1][2][3][4]. Therefore, the quality of tea is greatly influenced by the developmental stage of the young shoots [5][6][7]. To produce tea of a desired quality, young shoots are harvested at defined shoot stages (standards) with specific selectivity and intensity [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Young Shoot Population, Yield, and Nitrogen Demands of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Harvested under Different Standards

Long

Shi

et al. 2022

Horticulturae

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The quality of green tea is greatly influenced by the harvest standards for young shoots. The present field experiment was conducted to characterize the young shoot populations, yields, and nitrogen (N) demands of tea plants subjected to four different harvest standards, i.e., buds with one, two, or three young expanding leaves (referred to as B1L, B2L, and B3L, respectively) and a combination of B1L and B3L (B1L/B3L) throughout the year. Weight per shoot was closely related to the number of expanding leaves and was greater in B3L than B1L and B2L, and also greater in summer and autumn than in spring, whereas B1L revealed the greatest young shoot density and highest N concentration. Annual shoot yield and shoot N content were largest in B3L and decreased in the following order: B3L > B2L ≈ B1L/B3L > B1L. However, in the early spring the shoot density, yield, and shoot N content of B1L were much higher than those of B3L. The harvest of B3L significantly reduced the biomass of brown roots and its ratio against the above-ground biomass compared to other harvest standards, suggesting a decreased allocation of carbon to the root system due to seasonal removal. The N dilution curve (Nys = a × Yysb, where Nys is the shoot N content and Yys is the shoot yield) of spring tea differed markedly from those of summer and autumn teas, suggesting different coordination properties for shoot growth and N supply among the seasons. The annual harvest index (NHI) measured by 15N traces ranged between 0.18 and 0.23, indicating relatively low N allocation to young shoots, whereby large proportions (58.2–66.9% of the total 15N absorption) remained in the plant at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, the seasonal distribution of the shoot density, weight per shoot, yield, and N demands vary with harvest standards and highlight the importance of N precision management in tea production to be finely tuned to meet the changes in harvest season and requirements.

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Quality response of clonal black tea to nitrogen fertiliser, plucking interval and plucking standard

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Identifying Sustainable Nitrogen Management Practices for Tea Plantations

Identifying Sustainable Nitrogen Management Practices for Tea Plantations

The effect of intercropping leguminous green manure on theanine accumulation in the tea plant: A metagenomic analysis

Characterization of Young Shoot Population, Yield, and Nitrogen Demands of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Harvested under Different Standards

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