Quantal Unit Populations at the<i>Drosophila</i>Larval Neuromuscular Junction

Wong, K.; Karunanithi, Shanker; Atwood, Harold L.

doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.3.1497

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This difference in vesicle diameter leads to a ϳ70% increase in vesicle volume and a corresponding increase in quantal size (Karunanithi et al 2002). These same authors also showed that some individual synaptic boutons exhibited more than one class of quantal event (Wong et al 1999). Proteins that regulate vesicle formation may change vesicle size (for review, see Murthy and De Camilli 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mouse Chromaffin Cells Have Two Populations of Dense Core Vesicles

Grabner

Price

Lysakowski

et al. 2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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The quantal hypothesis states that neurotransmitter is released in discrete packages, quanta, thought to represent the neurotransmitter content of individual vesicles. If true, then vesicle size should influence quantal size. Although chromaffin cells are generally thought to have a single population of secretory vesicles, our electron microscopy analysis suggested two populations as the size distribution was best described as the sum of two Gaussians. The average volume difference was fivefold. To test whether this difference in volume affected quantal size, neurotransmitter release from permeabilized cells exposed to 100 microM Ca2+ was measured with amperometry. Quantal content was bimodally distributed with both large and small events; the distribution of vesicle sizes predicted by amperometry was extremely similar to those measured with electron microscopy. In addition, each population of events exhibited distinct release kinetics. These results suggest that chromaffin cells have two populations of dense core vesicles (DCV) with unique secretory properties and which may represent two distinct synthetic pathways for DCV biogenesis or alternatively they may represent different stages of biosynthesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mouse Chromaffin Cells Have Two Populations of Dense Core Vesicles

Grabner

Price

Lysakowski

et al. 2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…By increasing the extracellular volume at the synapse, it may also provide a “sink” into which released glutamate can diffuse to terminate synaptic responses15. The SSR may filter the electrophysiological consequences of receptor activation35 or otherwise alter electrical signals36. The SSR is also closely associated with ribosomes and may be a site of local glutamate receptor translation37.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nuclear import of Frizzled2-C by Importins-β11 and α2 promotes postsynaptic development

2010

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Synapse-to-nucleus signaling is critical for synaptic development and plasticity. In Drosophila, the ligand Wingless causes the C-terminus of its Frizzled2 receptor (Fz2-C) to be cleaved and translocated from the postsynaptic density to nuclei. The mechanism of nuclear import is unknown and the developmental consequences of this translocation are uncertain. Here, we show that Fz2-C localization to muscle nuclei requires the nuclear import factors, Importin-β11 and Importin-α2 and that this pathway promotes the postsynaptic development of the subsynaptic reticulum (SSR), an elaboration of the postsynaptic plasma membrane. importin-β11 and dfz2 mutants have less SSR and some boutons lacking the postsynaptic marker Discs Large. These developmental defects in importin-β11 can be overcome by expression of Fz2-C fused to a nuclear localization sequence that can bypass Importin-β11. Thus, Wnt-activated growth of the postsynaptic membrane is mediated by the synapse-to-nucleus translocation and active nuclear import of Fz2-C via a selective Importin-β11/α2 pathway.

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“…14,39 Briefly, wandering third instar larvae were dissected in ice-cold Schneider's insect medium (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. No.…”

Section: Electrophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and electrophysiological analysis of general anesthesia in 3 background strains ofDrosophila melanogaster

Zalucki

Day

Kottler

et al. 2015

Fly

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General anesthetics achieve behavioral unresponsiveness via a mechanism that is incompletely understood. The study of genetic model systems such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is crucial to advancing our understanding of how anesthetic drugs render animals unresponsive. Previous studies have shown that wild-type control strains differ significantly in their sensitivity to general anesthetics, which potentially introduces confounding factors for comparing genetic mutations placed on these wild-type backgrounds. Here, we examined a variety of behavioral and electrophysiological endpoints in Drosophila, in both adult and larval animals. We characterized these endpoints in 3 commonly used fly strains: wild-type Canton Special (CS), and 2 commonly used white-eyed strains, isoCJ1 and w 1118 . We found that CS and isoCJ1 show remarkably similar sensitivity to isoflurane across a variety of behavioral and electrophysiological endpoints. In contrast, w 1118 is resistant to isoflurane compared to the other 2 strains at both the adult and larval stages. This resistance is however not reflected at the level of neurotransmitter release at the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ). This suggests that the w 1118 strain harbors another mutation that produces isoflurane resistance, by acting on an arousal pathway that is most likely preserved between larval and adult brains. This mutation probably also affects sleep, as marked differences between isoCJ1 and w 1118 have also recently been found for behavioral responsiveness and sleep intensity measures.

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Quantal Unit Populations at theDrosophilaLarval Neuromuscular Junction

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Mouse Chromaffin Cells Have Two Populations of Dense Core Vesicles

Mouse Chromaffin Cells Have Two Populations of Dense Core Vesicles

The nuclear import of Frizzled2-C by Importins-β11 and α2 promotes postsynaptic development

Behavioral and electrophysiological analysis of general anesthesia in 3 background strains ofDrosophila melanogaster

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