Quantification and cancer risk evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil around selected telecom masts in Delta state Nigeria

Abstract

T HE objectives of this study is to provide empirical data on the concentrations, sources and human cancer risk through non dietary ingestion dermal contact and inhalations of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16-PAHs) in soils within the vicinity of telecom masts. Quantification of PAHs was by gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector. Across all sites, 16-PAHs were detected with individual mean PAH concentration range of 0,010 (Nap, Phe, Ant, Chr and I[123-cd]P) at site 9 (control) to 1.485 mg/kg (D[ah]A) at site 4. Also, the mean Ʃ 16 PAHs was highest in site 2 (10.622 mg/kg) and lowest at site 9 (0.236 mg/ kg). The percentage occurrence of LPAHs and HPAHs are in range of 18.68 to 48.41% and 51.58 to 81.32% respectively. The source identification ratios show high and low temperature combustion processes as sources of PAHs. This could be from crankcase oils used in internal combustion engine and spilled diesel and oil from generator in these sites. The ILCR values through the non-dietary exposure routes are in the order of ingestion > dermal > inhalation. Analyses of variance also show significant variation (p < 0.05) in PAHs concentrations in respect to sites. The study found out that the cancer risk value for children was greater than adult value, and the total cancer risk values were higher than permissible limits, indicating potential for acute and chronic human cancer risk. The data generated in this study could serve as baseline reference for sitting and management of telecom masts.

Spatio-Temporal Occurrence, Sources, and Human Health Risk of 16-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Anthropogenic Vectored Soils

“…The results of the PAHs isomer ratio in this study are significant, Table 3 anthropogenic and natural sources, pyrolitic and petrogenic combustion process PAHs could also be from crankcases and other lubricating oils used in internal combustion engines [21]. However, the composition may have transformed before and after deposition [16]. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of the sources of PAHs in this study, the total index (a normalized limit value for low and high-temperature sources) derived from the sum of a single index was applied [26,27].…”

Human Health Assessment of Sixteen Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soils of Northwestern Algeria

“… 14 , 58 The ILCRs reported in the present study for children, adolescents, and adults due to PAH exposure ( Table 6 ) were comparable with the ILCRs reported for various African locations like Warri city, Nigeria (children, 3.07 × 10 −5 ; adults, 2.3 × 10 −5 ), 59 Kumasi city, Ghana (children, 8.5 × 10 −5 ; adults 2.1 × 10 −4 ), 60 which indicate potential cancer risk. Values in the present study were lower than in Lagos, Nigeria (children, 6.66 × 10 −2 ; adults, 5.11 × 10 −3 ), 38 Tamale, northern Ghana (children, 9.26 × 10 −1 ; adults 1.02), 61 dust from Warri city Nigeria (children, 3.11 × 10 −3 ; adults, 1.49 × 10 −3 ), 62 and Delta state, Nigeria (children, 3.34 × 10 −1 ; adults, 2.56 × 10 −2 ), 63 where a high risk of cancer was observed. Furthermore, the ILCRs were also comparable with those reported for locations in other countries such as Delhi-Kolkata, India (adults, 6.92 × 10 −5 ; children 6.22 × 10 −5 ) 3 and Dhanbad, India (adults, 1.82 × 10 −5 ; children 1.85 × 10 −5 ).…”

Toxic metals in soil depths from selected abandoned sites: Occurrence, sources, ecological and human health risk

“…The rationale behind the human health risk evaluation is exposure hence reported for the topsoil depth. The human health risk evaluation was by the assumption that the routes of exposure; are through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal (IID), [22,23]. The definition and values of variables used in the non-cancer and cancer risks are presented in the supplementary materials (Table SM1 and SM2).…”