Quantification and localization of mast cells in periapical lesions

Abstract

Background:Periapical lesions occur in response to chronic irritation in periapical tissue, generally resulting from an infected root canal. Specific etiological agents of induction, participating cell population and growth factors associated with maintenance and resolution of periapical lesions are incompletely understood. Among the cells found in periapical lesions, mast cells have been implicated in the inflammatory mechanism.Aim:Quantifications and the possible role played by mast cells in the periapical granuloma and radicular cyst. Hence, this study is to emphasize the presence (localization) and quantification of mast cells in periapical granuloma and radicular cyst.Materials and Methods:A total of 30 cases and out of which 15 of periapical granuloma and 15 radicular cyst, each along with the case details from the previously diagnosed cases in the department of oral pathology were selected for the study. The gender distribution showed male 8 (53.3%) and females 7 (46.7%) in periapical granuloma cases and male 10 (66.7%) and females 5 (33.3%) in radicular cyst cases. The statistical analysis used was unpaired t-test.Results:Mean mast cell count in periapical granuloma subepithelial and deeper connective tissue, was 12.40 (0.99%) and 7.13 (0.83%), respectively. The mean mast cell counts in subepithelial and deeper connective tissue of radicular cyst were 17.64 (1.59%) and 12.06 (1.33%) respectively, which was statistically significant. No statistical significant difference was noted among males and females.Conclusion:Mast cells were more in number in radicular cyst. Based on the concept that mast cells play a critical role in the induction of inflammation, it is logical to use therapeutic agents to alter mast cell function and secretion, to thwart inflammation at its earliest phases. These findings may suggest the possible role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of cyclooxygenase‐2 and mast cell density in periapical lesions

“…No significant difference was observed in the mast cell count at centre and periphery ( p = .458 and .636) in the present study. Contrary to this, significant mast cell counts were reported both at the centre and periphery in PG and PC (Mahita et al, 2015; Mohan, 2018). Greater number of mast cells in central areas highlight the greater degree of inflammatory response in central inflammatory zone as compared to the peripheral fibrotic areas.…”

“…Detection of mast cells in periapical lesions suggests their role in the inflammatory mechanisms associated with them (de Oliveira et al, 2004; Mahita et al, 2015). They are sporadically encountered in periapical granulomas and cysts so their role in pathogenesis is relatively obscure.…”

Human Periapical Odontogenic Granulomas: Aspects of Microvessel Density (MVD), Heterogeneity of Blood Vessels and Mast Cells Density (MCD)

“…Mast cells are present in periapical granulomas, suggesting their roles in the inflammatory mechanisms of these lesions. However, when under excessive stress, the mast cell may degranulate and release its active compounds, which support the inflammatory response [20,21]. The mast cells' presence also plays a crucial role in periapical granulomas due to their implication in the initiation and promotion of angiogenesis, by secreting several potent angiogenic factors, such as heparin, histamine, VEGF and tryptase [22,23].…”

Understanding painful versus non-painful dental pain in female and male patients: A transcriptomic analysis of human biopsies

“…Additionally, genes of the immune response pathways also appear to tightly regulate nociception or inhibition of nociception between sexes (SF vs. SM and AF vs. AM). This is conceivable as periapical granulomatous tissues are predominately made up of myeloid cells and lymphocytes, namely T and B cells, mast cells, among other non-prominent non-immune cells, such as sensory neuronal terminals innervating the inflamed periapical tissue [88][89][90][91]. However, genes that regulate nociception versus inhibition of nociception in males (SM vs. AM) and females (SF vs. AF) are entirely different.…”