Quantification and physical analysis of nanoparticle emissions from a marine engine using different fuels and a laboratory wet scrubber

Santos, Luis; Salo, Kent; Thomson, Erik S.

doi:10.1039/d2em00054g

Cited by 5 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…During the measurements the total water flow rate distributed across all nozzles was controlled by a pressure pump and varied between 1.5 and 2 l min −1 . More information on the laboratory WS, including physical dimensions, is detailed in Santos et al 40 During wet…”

Section: Chalmers Marine Engine Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where Q exh is the exhaust gas flow in [m 3 h −1 ], which was calculated using a simplified model assuming all carbon in the fuel is converted to CO 2 during combustion, 40,42 N PN is the particle number concentration in [# m −3 ] calculated by numerical integration of the PSDs, and FC is the fuel consumption in [kg h −1 ]. Prior to entering any aerosol analysis instrumentation, diluted sample flow was dried using silica gel diffusion dryers.…”

Section: Gas and Aerosol Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the highest CO 2 concentrations of all cases were measured, suggesting that this sampling period was heavily affected by insufficient engine cooling which resulted in an altered emission profile. 40 Calculated particle number emission factors (EF PN ) per kg of fuel consumed are presented in Figure 3 and are also compared to other studies. Studies included in the comparison include measurements of both PM and CCN from large marine vessels or test-rig engines.…”

Section: T H I S S T U D Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,52,53 Both WS cases, on the other hand, facilitated more efficient droplet formation as seen from the reduced SSc values compared to HGO (Figure 4a). Wet scrubbing can also have secondary effects on exhaust particles, such as affecting the chemical composition, mixing state and morphology 39 as well as the effective density, 40 and consequently the amount of condensed material, which can impact the water uptake of exhaust particles. Lieke et al 39 describe the effects of wet scrubbing on particulate matter as a substantially accelerated atmospheric aging process.…”

Section: Critical Supersaturations (Ssc) and κ Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[34][35][36][37][38] Moreover, wet scrubbing has been shown to have secondary effects on PM emitted from ships affecting mixing states, morphologies and densities. 39,40 As a consequence, while reducing PM emissions, this can make generally hydrophobic diesel engine exhaust particles more hygroscopic and thus, have an climate cooling effect by increasing direct aerosol radiation scattering as well as indirect cloud-aerosol interactions. A recent survey of global ship-tracks by Yuan et al 41 shows, for example, that the FSC limits implemented in 2015 caused strong reductions in ship-track density in SECAs, due to reduced emissions of sulfur and general shifts in shipping routes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in CCN activity of ship exhaust particles induced by fuel sulfur content reduction and wet scrubbing

Santos

Salo

Kong

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci.: Atmos.

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Section: Chalmers Marine Engine Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas and Aerosol Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T H I S S T U D Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critical Supersaturations (Ssc) and κ Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in CCN activity of ship exhaust particles induced by fuel sulfur content reduction and wet scrubbing

Santos

Salo

Kong

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci.: Atmos.

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Marine Fuel Regulations and Engine Emissions: Impacts on Physicochemical Properties, Cloud Activity and Emission Factors

Santos,

Salo,

Kong

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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Marine regulations aim to reduce sulfur and nitrogen exhaust emissions from maritime shipping. Here, two compliance pathways for reducing sulfur dioxide emissions, fuel sulfur content reduction and exhaust wet scrubbing, are studied for their effects on physicochemical properties and cloud forming abilities of engine exhaust particles. A test‐bed diesel engine was utilized to study fresh exhaust emissions from combustion of non‐compliant, high sulfur content fuel with (WS) and without (HiS) the usage of a wet scrubber as well as a regulatory compliant, low sulfur content fuel (LoS). Particle number emissions are decreased by ≈99% when switching to LoS due to absence of 20–30 nm sulfate rich particles. While number emissions for WS are also decreased, a shift in the sulfate mode toward larger sizes was found to increase particle mass emission factors by at least 31%. Changes in the mixing state induced by the compliance measures are reflected in the hygroscopicity of the exhaust particles. Fuel sulfur reduction decreased cloud condensation nuclei emissions by at least 97% due to emissions of primarily hydrophobic soot particles. Wet scrubbing increased those emissions, mainly driven by changes in particle size distributions. Our results indicate that both compliance alternatives have no obvious impact on the ice forming abilities of 200 nm exhaust particles. These detailed results are relevant for atmospheric processes and might be useful input parameters for cloud‐resolving models to investigate ship aerosol‐cloud interactions and to quantify the impact of shipping on radiative budgets from local to global scales.

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Exhaust emission monitoring system based on the Internet of Things for ships passing through waterway lock

Chen,

Pan

2024

Third International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering, Big Data, and Computer Technology (EIBDCT 2024)

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To solve the problem of ship exhaust emission monitoring in Domestic Emission Control Areas (DECA), we present an Internet of Things (IoT)-based ship exhaust emission monitoring system in this paper. The system consists of three parts: a ship exhaust monitoring device installed above the lock, an IoT data platform, and a comprehensive display platform. The monitoring device uses an STM32 microcontroller as the Main Control Unit (MCU), obtains the concentration of various gases such as SO 2 and CO 2 in the smoke plume of the passing ships through gas sensors, and uploads real-time data to the ThingsBoard IoT data platform through the NB-IoT module. Finally, the fuel sulfur content (FSC) is calculated in the back end and is rendered to the front-end page. The test results show that the detection errors of SO 2 , CO 2 , and NO 2 are -0.7%, -3.2%, and 3.7% respectively. The result proves that the system has high monitoring accuracy and can effectively improve the efficiency of ship emission supervision.

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Quantification and physical analysis of nanoparticle emissions from a marine engine using different fuels and a laboratory wet scrubber

Abstract: A marine test-bed diesel engine was used to study how international fuel sulfur content (FSC) regulations and wet scrubbing can affect physical properties of submicron exhaust particles.

Cited by 5 publications

References 81 publications

Changes in CCN activity of ship exhaust particles induced by fuel sulfur content reduction and wet scrubbing

Changes in CCN activity of ship exhaust particles induced by fuel sulfur content reduction and wet scrubbing

Marine Fuel Regulations and Engine Emissions: Impacts on Physicochemical Properties, Cloud Activity and Emission Factors

Exhaust emission monitoring system based on the Internet of Things for ships passing through waterway lock

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