Quantification by LC–MS/MS of astragaloside IV and isoflavones in <i>Astragali radix</i> can be more accurate by using standard addition

Kafle, Bijay; Baak, J. P. A.; Brede, Cato

doi:10.1002/pca.2994

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Such situations seem also similar in other fields of analytical chemistry from 1990s to nowadays; many papers related to SAM have appeared in environmental chemistry [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64], food chemistry [65][66][67][68], clinical chemistry [69][70][71] and miscellaneous fields [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]. The validation approaches in non-forensic toxicology fields were also of various types like those of forensic toxicology as listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The standard addition method and its validation in forensic toxicology

et al. 2021

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Purpose In the quantitative forensic toxicological analyses using instruments, major methods to be employed are conventional matrix-matched calibration method (MMCM). However, nowadays, the needs for using the standard addition methods (SAM) are increasing. In spite of this situation, there are no reports of the guidelines for the validations of SAM. In this review, the principle, how to perform it, advantages, disadvantages, reported application data, and the details of validation procedures for the SAM are described. Methods Various databases such as SciFinder, Google and Google Scholar were utilized to collect relevant reports referring to the SAM. The long experiences of our research group on the SAM were also included in this review. Results Although the experimental procedures for the SAM are much more laborious than those of the MMCM, the SAM is essential to quantify target xenobiotic(s) in special matrices such as human solid tissues or biles, which remarkably interfere with the usual quantitative analyses. The validation methods for the SAM have been also proposed for the cases in the absence of the blank matrices. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first presentation of detailed SAM procedure and its validation, which will facilitate the use of the SAM in forensic toxicology. Especially for its validation, new simple methods have been proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The standard addition method and its validation in forensic toxicology

et al. 2021

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“…In the present work, we applied LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) [ 22 , 41 ] to ensure a high degree of selectivity and sensitivity in the analysis. Samples were diluted, and the phytochemicals quantified by standard addition, which compensated for ion suppression matrix effects [ 42 , 43 ] and provided accurate results in the absence of isotopic labelled internal standards [ 36 ]. Standard addition therefore provides a viable solution when isotopic labelled internal standards are not available, as is often the case when measuring phytochemicals by LC-MS/MS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The instrumental analysis was performed by a validated method as previously described [ 36 ]. Briefly, the LC-MS/MS instrument was an Acquity UPLC coupled with a Quattro Premier XE triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Waters Corporation, Massachusetts, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have used the non-selective ELSD detector which depends upon the retention time of compounds, and since different molecules can co-elute together, it is possible that the identification and quantification of target compounds may be compromised [38]. To avoid these problems, we previously developed a very accurate, sensitive, and reproducible LC/MS-MS method with standard addition quantification [36], which was also used in the present study. Another debatable point is ammonia treatment of the sample extracts (as recommended in different Pharmacopoeias).…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methods have been used to determine major bioactive isoflavonoids and saponins present in AR samples using ultraviolet (UV) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection after liquid chromatographic separation [ 35 , 36 ]. Quantification in the present study was performed with a validated LC-MS/MS method as previously described [ 36 ]. The method utilized standard addition quantification to overcome the issue of lack of isotopic labelled internal standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Major bioactive chemical compounds in Astragali Radix samples from different vendors vary greatly

2021

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The worldwide traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs sales figures have increased considerably to 50 billion US$ (2018). Astragali Radix (AR) is amongst the most often sold TCM herbs; sales in the European Union (EU) need European Medicines Agency (EMA) approval. However, comparisons of characteristic bioactive molecules concentrations in AR from different EU vendors are lacking. This study uses liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with standard addition to evaluate the influence of different sample and preparation types and ammonia treatment on bioactive molecules concentrations in AR. We also compare AR samples from different EU-vendors. Astragaloside IV (AG-IV), ononin and calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucoside concentrations were higher in root powder samples when extracted with boiled water than with ultrasonication using 70% methanol. AG-IV content was by far the highest in granulates from vendor 1 (202 ± 35 μg/g) but very low in hydrophilic concentrates from vendor 1 (32 ± 7 μg/g) and granulates from vendor 4 (36 ± 3 μg/g). Ammonia-treatment significantly increased AG-IV concentrations in all samples (e.g., to 536 ± 178 μg/g in vendor 1 granulates). Comparable effects were found for most other bioactive molecules. AG-IV and other bioactive molecules concentrations differed strongly depending on sample types, extraction processes, ammonia treatment-or-not and especially between different vendors samples. Ammonia-treatment is debatable, as it is supposed to convert other astragalosides, to AG-IV. The results indicate that routine quantitative analysis of major bioactive compounds present in AR, helps in quality control of AR and to guarantee the quality of commercial products.

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Mass spectrometry analysis of saponins

Savarino

Demeyer

Decroo

et al. 2021

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Saponins are amphiphilic molecules of pharmaceutical interest and most of their biological activities (i.e., cytotoxic, hemolytic, fungicide, etc.) are associated to their membranolytic properties. These molecules are secondary metabolites present in numerous plants and in some marine animals, such as sea cucumbers and starfishes. Structurally, all saponins correspond to the combination of a hydrophilic glycan, consisting of sugar chain(s), linked to a hydrophobic triterpenoidic or steroidic aglycone, named the sapogenin. Saponins present a high structural diversity and their structural characterization remains extremely challenging. Ideally, saponin structures are best established using nuclear magnetic resonance experiments conducted on isolated molecules. However, the extreme structural diversity of saponins makes them challenging from a structural analysis point of view since, most of the time, saponin extracts consist in a huge number of congeners presenting only subtle structural differences. In the present review, we wish to offer an overview of the literature related to the development of mass spectrometry for the study of saponins. This review will demonstrate that most of the past and current mass spectrometry methods, including electron, electrospray and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization ionizations, gas/liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry, collision‐induced dissociation including MS3 experiments, multiple reaction monitoring based quantification, ion mobility experiments, and so forth, have been used for saponin investigations with great success on enriched extracts but also directly on tissues using imaging methods.

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Quantification by LC–MS/MS of astragaloside IV and isoflavones in Astragali radix can be more accurate by using standard addition

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

The standard addition method and its validation in forensic toxicology

The standard addition method and its validation in forensic toxicology

Major bioactive chemical compounds in Astragali Radix samples from different vendors vary greatly

Mass spectrometry analysis of saponins

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