Quantification of biomarkers and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity properties of Dodonaea viscosa grown in Saudi Arabia using HPTLC technique

Abstract

Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae) was collected from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. For the simultaneous measurement of quercetin and kaempferol, a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) approach was devised in D. viscosa leaf extract. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect was tested against three cancer cell lines A549, HepG2, and MDA-MB-231. The potential anti-inflammatory properties of different fractions of D. viscosa were also evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 macrophages cells. The test samples include a crude extract of leaves and its solvent-soluble fractions of D. viscosa. The results showed that the crude extract and its fractions exhibited various significant biological activities, the fraction of chloroform demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values: 172.2 and 257.7 µg/mL for both DPPH and ABTS tests. Additionally, the chloroform fraction had the greatest cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 (IC50 values: 24.6 ± 0.4 µg/mL). Moreover, the chloroform fraction exhibited the highest downregulation of the LPS-induced expression of TNF-α and IL-6. Quercetin and kaempferol were estimated concurrently in leaves crude extract using a validated technique on an HPTLC plate (10 cm2 × 10 cm2) with a combination of toluene–ethyl acetate–formic acid (5:4:0.2; v/v/v) as the mobile phase and a λ max of 254 nm. The amount of quercetin and kaempferol was found to be 31.8 and 15.01 mg/g of dried leaf extract, respectively. The presence of high levels of quercetin and kaempferol in D. viscosa leaves extract could explain its remarkable antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The devolved HPTLC method can be used for routine analysis and standardization of D. viscosa crude plant material, extracts, and/or finished products using quercetin and kaempferol as appropriate markers.

Isolation of a novel isoprenylated phenolic compound and neuroprotective evaluation of Dodonaea viscosa extract against cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rats

“…Therefore, preventing ROS-induced oxidative stress, lowering ROS levels, or both are used as a therapeutic strategy to protect brain tissue against the harmful effects of ROS in post-cerebral ischaemia. A previous study reported the scavenging activity of D. viscosa against DPPH radicals ( Almarfadi et al, 2022 ). In the present study, DVME protected against oxidative stress associated with transient brain ischaemia.…”

“…According to the literature, oxidative stress plays a significant role in ischemic stroke, Consequently, antioxidant drugs have the potential to alleviate oxidative stress in the brain induced by ischemia ( Jelinek et al, 2021 ). In our previous study, we observed a substantial antioxidant activity in D. viscosa when compared to ascorbic acid using DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays ( Almarfadi et al, 2022 ). Building on this observation, we have formulated our hypothesis: administering a methanolic extract of D. viscosa may effectively counteract MCAO-induced oxidative stress, providing neuroprotection against ischemia–reperfusion injury in a rat model.…”

A comprehensive investigation on alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in hyperglycaemic conditions through in vitro experiments and computational analysis

“…Since the majority of these methods have drawbacks, adverse effects, or both, tailored therapies that target RA's pathways are far more appropriate. Small molecule inhibitors are currently the subject of extensive research for a wide range of diseases and are thought to be one of the most effective forms of targeted therapy ( Almarfadi et al, 2022 ).…”