Quantification of blue carbon in seagrass ecosystems of Southeast Asia and their potential for climate change mitigation

Stankovic, Milica; Ambo‐Rappe, Rohani; Carly, Filipo; Dangan-Galon, Floredel; Fortes, Miguel D.; Hossain, Mohammad Shawkat; Kiswara, Wawan; Luong, Cao Van; Thu, Phan Minh; Mishra, Amrit Kumar; Noiraksar, Thidarat; Nurdin, Nurjannah; Panyawai, Janmanee; Rattanachot, Ekkalak; Rozaimi, Mohammad; Htun, U. Soe; Prathep, Anchana

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146858

Cited by 90 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Our findings agree with the previous studies and show that seagrass meadows of ANI have 66% higher carbon storage capacity at MG sites (272.54 ± 164 Mg C ha -1 ) and low at WMG sites (128.79 ± 55.89 Mg C ha -1 ). These differences in our study from Stankovic et al (2021) is probably because the authors derived the total carbon in the ecosystem through a model-based approach, whereas in our study, we have used the traditional methods of quantification recommended for blue carbon research (Howard et al, 2014). The total carbon stock in the T.…”

Section: Total Carbon In the Seagrass Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As long as these ecosystems are conserved or protected from anthropogenic disturbances, the blue carbon stored in their sediments can be stored safely for millenniums (Duarte et al 2005;Macreadie et al 2014). However, once destroyed, these ecosystems act as the source of carbon rather than sinks (Salinas et al 2020;Serrano et al 2020;Stankovic et al 2021). As a result, globally, the importance of blue carbon stored in seagrass ecosystems (19.9 Pg of Corg) has gained attention, and their utilization as a nature-based solution for climate change mitigation is gaining momentum (Stankovic et al, 2021;Macreadie et al, 2019;UNEP, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological connectivity of seagrasses with mangroves increases the carbon storage of tropical seagrass meadows of an island ecosystem

Mishra

Apte

Farooq

2021

Preprint

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Ecologically connected ecosystems are considered more resilient to climate change mitigation by storing increased amounts of carbon than individual ecosystems. This study quantified the carbon storage capacity of seagrass (Thalassia hemprichii) meadows that are adjacent to mangroves (MG; Rhizophora apiculate) and without mangroves (WMG) at three locations in tropical Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) of India. The sediment organic matter (OM) carbon (Corg) content was 2-fold higher at the MG sites than WMG sites of all three locations within the top 10 cm. The Corg in the total biomass was higher at MG sites than the biomass at WMG sites. The sediment grain size positively influenced the sediment OM and Corg content. The canopy height of T. hemprichii showed a better relationship with sediment OM and Corg at MG sites. In contrast, the shoot density of T. hemprichii showed a better relationship with sediment OM and Corg at WMG sites. The total carbon in 144 ha of T. hemprichii meadows of all three MG sites was 11031± 5223 Mg C, whereas the carbon in 148 ha of WMG sites was 4921±3725 Mg C. These T. hemprichii meadows of ANI store around 40487±19171 ton of CO2 in the MG sites and 18036 ±13672 ton of CO2 at WMG sites. The social cost of these carbon stored in these T. hemprichii meadows is around US$ 34.82 and 1.5 million at the MG and WMG sites, respectively. This study points out the efficiency of seagrass ecosystems of ANI as carbon sinks and the potential of these connected seascapes in increasing the efficiency of seagrass carbon storage. Therefore, this connectivity approach should be further explored to include these connected ecosystems of India as a nature-based solution for climate change mitigation and adaptation plans.

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Section: Total Carbon In the Seagrass Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological connectivity of seagrasses with mangroves increases the carbon storage of tropical seagrass meadows of an island ecosystem

Mishra

Apte

Farooq

2021

Preprint

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“…Despite their value to society and the biosphere, blue carbon ecosystems are being lost -seagrass are being lost at a rate of 7% year −1 globally (Waycott et al, 2009), and mangroves are being lost at a rate of 1-3% year −1 globally (FAO, 2007) largely due to human stressors such as land use change (Goldberg et al, 2020). In Southeast Asia, seagrass loss is between 2.82% yr −1 (Stankovic et al, 2021) and 10.9% yr −1 (Sudo et al, 2021) due to coastal development, fisheries and storms. Philippine seagrasses have among the greatest extent in Southeast Asia at 2.7 million has (Fortes et al, 2018), but around 76,897 ha yr −1 is being lost (Stankovic et al, 2021), and in a single site, authors found a rate of decline of 1.7% year −1 (Blanco et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Southeast Asia, seagrass loss is between 2.82% yr −1 (Stankovic et al, 2021) and 10.9% yr −1 (Sudo et al, 2021) due to coastal development, fisheries and storms. Philippine seagrasses have among the greatest extent in Southeast Asia at 2.7 million has (Fortes et al, 2018), but around 76,897 ha yr −1 is being lost (Stankovic et al, 2021), and in a single site, authors found a rate of decline of 1.7% year −1 (Blanco et al, 2014). Thirty five percent of original Philippine mangroves were lost by the end of the 20th century (Valiela et al, 2001), and Philippine mangroves decreased by half from 1918-2010, declining at a rate of 10.5% from 1990 to 2010 (Long et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue Carbon Ecosystem Services Through a Vulnerability Lens: Opportunities to Reduce Social Vulnerability in Fishing Communities

Quiros

Sudo

Ramilo³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Ecosystem services (ES) are benefits nature provides to humans; these services change in space and time and are largely dependent on context. Coastal habitat that provides key ES are blue carbon ecosystems, namely seagrass and mangroves. One important ES they provide is the provisioning of seafood, which benefits coastal populations with livelihoods and food security. We employed a social-ecological approach that draws from the vulnerability literature for social, ecological, and economic criteria to map ES provision in ten communities on Busuanga Island, Palawan Province, Philippines. We assess the spatial dynamics of ES provision for small-scale fisheries in seagrass and mangroves, in relation to local beneficiaries. Using a mixed-methods approach with ecological assessments of seagrass beds, spatial analysis, landing surveys, household and key informant interviews, we overlaid biophysical variables on social data, mapping sensitivities and adaptive capacities to compare communities’ social vulnerabilities. Spatial analysis revealed healthy blue carbon ecosystems in ten local communities (barangays) as measured by proportion of coastline covered, low patchiness and high continuity along the coastline, and the presence of adjacent habitat. We found seagrass ecosystems were more vulnerable than mangroves. Rural barangays had less exposure and lower sensitivity to blue carbon ecosystem loss than urban barangays. Blue carbon ecosystem fisheries are highly sensitive fisheries, due to their catch composition and low catch per unit effort, with mangrove fisheries having a slightly lower sensitivity than seagrass fisheries due to greater catch per unit effort. Diversified livelihoods and the presence of NGOs and People’s Organizations (POs) increased adaptive capacity and reduced overall vulnerability. We aim to highlight a coastal human community’s relationship with blue carbon ecosystems using context-specific vulnerability criteria. Our site-specific social vulnerability assessment may be adapted for use in other coastal communities within the coral triangle. This work suggests opportunities for conservation interventions to manage local communities’ sensitivities and adaptive capacity around the use of blue carbon ecosystems.

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“…To minimize the conflicts on the land and resources uses with other economics and to reduce impacts on the environment, aquaculture does not only take place in inland and coastal waters but also expanding the offshore waters [3,4]. Aquaculture in inland and coastal waters has a limitation of spatial distribution, resources used conflicts, negative impacts ecosystems and degradation environment [3][4][5][6][7], whereas open/offshore mariculture (defined as the farming of marine organisms in offshore waters with less significant influence from coastal regions [8]) applies advanced technology to increase aquaculture production and to minimize the above limitations. However, open/offshore mariculture is still in the development and shaping stage, so it is necessary to develop standards for the open mariculture industry to ensure global sustainable development goals [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mariculture in Southern Central Region, Vietnam: Status and Orientation Toward Sustainable Development

Thu

Sang

2021

JAERI

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The development of aquaculture, especially in mariculture, contributes to satisfy the increasing demand for aquatic food, but it also faces serious socio-economic and environmental issues. This is also consistent with aquaculture in the Southern Central Region (SCR), Vietnam. The paper conducted to evaluate the mariculture status and activities by questionnaire interviews of 255 mariculture stakeholders (cages/rafts owners) and their challenges by in-depth interviews of 16 aquaculture managing officers at eight provinces in SCR, 2018-2019. The results showed an assessment of the current status of mariculture, SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, and orientation strategies of mariculture development. For a long time, the aquaculture area has not varied considerably, and mainly distributed in inland, coastal and off-coastal waters, almost it is not implemented in the open sea yet. Mariculture was also challenged by various concerned issues: various types of mariculture and species, small scale, outdated traditional technology, and labor force with fair practices in mariculture. Almost them are made the challenge for aquaculture expansion and implementation in open seas. Moreover, capital sources and credit access of stakeholders, and enterprise's investment are key factors to develop offshore mariculture. Based on the results of SWOT analysis, five strategies are proposed for sustainable development of mariculture in the SCR, as well as to meet the objectives of Vietnam's mariculture strategy. It is noted that when developing mariculture on an industrial scale to increase commercial products, the small- and medium-scale ones are vulnerable, so expansion and development of mariculture should be combined with the creation of job opportunities, reduction of poverty alleviation and economic growth and sustainability.

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Quantification of blue carbon in seagrass ecosystems of Southeast Asia and their potential for climate change mitigation

Cited by 90 publications

References 69 publications

Ecological connectivity of seagrasses with mangroves increases the carbon storage of tropical seagrass meadows of an island ecosystem

Ecological connectivity of seagrasses with mangroves increases the carbon storage of tropical seagrass meadows of an island ecosystem

Blue Carbon Ecosystem Services Through a Vulnerability Lens: Opportunities to Reduce Social Vulnerability in Fishing Communities

Mariculture in Southern Central Region, Vietnam: Status and Orientation Toward Sustainable Development

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