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Background: Patients treated in the intensive care unit often experience decreased muscle strength. Continuous muscle weakness will affect muscle condition and have a bad impact and can cause disability. Health workers can use technology to measure muscle strength. Purpose: To examine in depth the technology for measuring muscle strength in critical patients. Method: Scoping review research was conducted in March 2023 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ProQuest databases published in 2018-2023. Identified and selected through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The inclusion criteria used include muscle strength measurement technology and research participants in critical patients, articles published between 2018-2023, articles that are open access, in English, and relevant. Screening and selection of articles was carried out on the title and abstract, eliminating duplicate articles, articles with full text, according to the research field, type of method, randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. Results: Identified 663 articles and obtained 10 relevant articles for analysis summarizing the development of technology for measuring muscle strength in critical patients, the nursing implications of technology in assessing muscle strength, and the ease and use of technology in measuring muscle strength. Conclusion: Technological developments have a positive impact on patient treatment, especially for patients with critical conditions who require fast and appropriate treatment so that their quality of life can improve. Utilizing technological developments in accurately measuring muscle strength in critical patients can have a positive impact in selecting the appropriate patient treatment and rehabilitation process as well as preventing complications or muscle contractures. Suggestion: Further research regarding technological innovations in muscle strength in critical patients’ needs to be carried out in more depth because it is useful in helping nurses and health service providers in measuring muscle strength in critical patients, so that it is beneficial for critical patients and provides accurate and valid muscle strength measurement results. Keywords: Critical Patients; Measurement; Muscle Strength; Technology. Pendahuluan: Pasien yang dirawat di ICU sering mengalami penurunan kekuatan otot. Kelemahan otot yang terus menerus akan mempengaruhi kondisi otot dan berdampak buruk serta dapat menyebabkan kecacatan. Penggunaan teknologi dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tenaga kesehatan dalam pengukuran kekuatan otot. Tujuan: Untuk mengkaji secara mendalam teknologi dalam pengukuran kekuatan otot pada pasien kritis. Metode: Penelitian scoping review dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2023 melalui database PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, dan ProQuest terbitan tahun 2018-2023. Diidentifikasi dan diseleksi melalui Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Review guideline (PRISMA-ScR). Kriteria inklusi yang digunakan adalah memuat teknologi pengukuran kekuatan otot dan partisipan penelitian pada pasien kritis, artikel diterbitkan antara tahun 2018-2023, artikel bersifat open acces, berbahasa Inggris, dan relevan. Penyaringan dan pemilihan artikel dilakukan pada judul dan abstrak, menghapus artikel duplikat, artikel dengan teks lengkap, sesuai dengan bidang penelitian, jenis metode randomized controlled trial dan systematic review. Hasil: Mengidentifikasi 663 artikel dan mendapatkan 10 artikel relevan untuk dianalisis merangkum tentang perkembangan teknologi pengukuran kekuatan otot pada pasien kritis, implikasi keperawatan terhadap teknologi dalam penilaian kekuatan otot, dan kemudahan serta penggunaan teknologi dalam pengukuran kekuatan otot. Simpulan: Perkembangan teknologi memberikan dampak positif terhadap pengobatan pasien, terutama pada pasien dengan kondisi kritis yang memerlukan pengobatan cepat dan tepat agar kualitas hidupnya dapat ditingkatkan. Penggunaan perkembangan teknologi dalam pengukuran kekuatan otot secara akurat pada pasien kritis dapat berdampak positif pada pemilihan proses pengobatan, rehabilitasi yang tepat bagi pasien dan mencegah terjadinya komplikasi maupun kontraktur otot. Saran: Penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai inovasi teknologi kekuatan otot pada pasien kritis perlu dilakukan lebih mendalam karena bermanfaat dalam membantu perawat dan penyedia layanan kesehatan dalam mengukur kekuatan otot pada pasien kritis, sehingga akan bermanfaat bagi pasien kritis dan memberikan hasil pengukuran kekuatan otot yang tepat dan valid. Kata Kunci: Kekuatan Otot; Pasien Kritis; Pengukuran; Teknologi.
Background: Patients treated in the intensive care unit often experience decreased muscle strength. Continuous muscle weakness will affect muscle condition and have a bad impact and can cause disability. Health workers can use technology to measure muscle strength. Purpose: To examine in depth the technology for measuring muscle strength in critical patients. Method: Scoping review research was conducted in March 2023 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ProQuest databases published in 2018-2023. Identified and selected through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The inclusion criteria used include muscle strength measurement technology and research participants in critical patients, articles published between 2018-2023, articles that are open access, in English, and relevant. Screening and selection of articles was carried out on the title and abstract, eliminating duplicate articles, articles with full text, according to the research field, type of method, randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. Results: Identified 663 articles and obtained 10 relevant articles for analysis summarizing the development of technology for measuring muscle strength in critical patients, the nursing implications of technology in assessing muscle strength, and the ease and use of technology in measuring muscle strength. Conclusion: Technological developments have a positive impact on patient treatment, especially for patients with critical conditions who require fast and appropriate treatment so that their quality of life can improve. Utilizing technological developments in accurately measuring muscle strength in critical patients can have a positive impact in selecting the appropriate patient treatment and rehabilitation process as well as preventing complications or muscle contractures. Suggestion: Further research regarding technological innovations in muscle strength in critical patients’ needs to be carried out in more depth because it is useful in helping nurses and health service providers in measuring muscle strength in critical patients, so that it is beneficial for critical patients and provides accurate and valid muscle strength measurement results. Keywords: Critical Patients; Measurement; Muscle Strength; Technology. Pendahuluan: Pasien yang dirawat di ICU sering mengalami penurunan kekuatan otot. Kelemahan otot yang terus menerus akan mempengaruhi kondisi otot dan berdampak buruk serta dapat menyebabkan kecacatan. Penggunaan teknologi dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tenaga kesehatan dalam pengukuran kekuatan otot. Tujuan: Untuk mengkaji secara mendalam teknologi dalam pengukuran kekuatan otot pada pasien kritis. Metode: Penelitian scoping review dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2023 melalui database PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, dan ProQuest terbitan tahun 2018-2023. Diidentifikasi dan diseleksi melalui Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Review guideline (PRISMA-ScR). Kriteria inklusi yang digunakan adalah memuat teknologi pengukuran kekuatan otot dan partisipan penelitian pada pasien kritis, artikel diterbitkan antara tahun 2018-2023, artikel bersifat open acces, berbahasa Inggris, dan relevan. Penyaringan dan pemilihan artikel dilakukan pada judul dan abstrak, menghapus artikel duplikat, artikel dengan teks lengkap, sesuai dengan bidang penelitian, jenis metode randomized controlled trial dan systematic review. Hasil: Mengidentifikasi 663 artikel dan mendapatkan 10 artikel relevan untuk dianalisis merangkum tentang perkembangan teknologi pengukuran kekuatan otot pada pasien kritis, implikasi keperawatan terhadap teknologi dalam penilaian kekuatan otot, dan kemudahan serta penggunaan teknologi dalam pengukuran kekuatan otot. Simpulan: Perkembangan teknologi memberikan dampak positif terhadap pengobatan pasien, terutama pada pasien dengan kondisi kritis yang memerlukan pengobatan cepat dan tepat agar kualitas hidupnya dapat ditingkatkan. Penggunaan perkembangan teknologi dalam pengukuran kekuatan otot secara akurat pada pasien kritis dapat berdampak positif pada pemilihan proses pengobatan, rehabilitasi yang tepat bagi pasien dan mencegah terjadinya komplikasi maupun kontraktur otot. Saran: Penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai inovasi teknologi kekuatan otot pada pasien kritis perlu dilakukan lebih mendalam karena bermanfaat dalam membantu perawat dan penyedia layanan kesehatan dalam mengukur kekuatan otot pada pasien kritis, sehingga akan bermanfaat bagi pasien kritis dan memberikan hasil pengukuran kekuatan otot yang tepat dan valid. Kata Kunci: Kekuatan Otot; Pasien Kritis; Pengukuran; Teknologi.
BackgroundAcute sarcopenia is sarcopenia lasting less than 6 months, typically following acute illness or injury. It may impact patient recovery and quality of life, advancing to chronic sarcopenia. However, its development and assessment remain poorly understood, particularly during hospitalisation. This systematic review aimed to elucidate the incidence of acute sarcopenia and examine changes in muscle parameters during hospitalisation.MethodsEighty‐eight papers were included in the narrative synthesis; 33 provided data for meta‐analyses on the effects of hospitalisation on handgrip strength (HGS), rectus femoris cross‐sectional area (RFCSA) and various muscle function tests. Meta‐regressions were performed for length of hospital stay (LoS) and age for all meta‐analyses; sex was also considered for HGS.ResultsAcute sarcopenia development was assessed in four studies with a pooled incidence of 18% during hospitalisation. Incidence was highest among trauma patients in intensive care (59%), whereas it was lower among medical and surgical patients (15%–20%). Time of development ranged from 4 to 44 days. HGS remained stable during hospitalisation (SMD = 0.05, 95% CI = −0.18:0.28, p = 0.67) as did knee extensor strength. LoS affected HGS performance (θ = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.001:0.09, p = 0.045) but age (p = 0.903) and sex (p = 0.434) did not. RFCSA, reduced by 16.5% over 3–21 days (SMD = −0.67, 95% CI = −0.92:−0.43, p < 0.001); LoS or time between scans did significantly predict the reduction (θ = −0.04, 95% CI = −0.077:−0.011, p = 0.012). Indices of muscle quality also reduced. Muscle function improved when assessed by the short physical performance battery (SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.03:1.69, p = 0.046); there was no change in 6‐min walk (p = 0.22), timed up‐and‐go (p = 0.46) or gait speed tests (p = 0.98). The only significant predictor of timed up‐and‐go performance was age (θ = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.018:−0.005, p = 0.009).ConclusionsAssessment and understanding of acute sarcopenia in clinical settings are limited. Incidence varies between clinical conditions, and muscle parameters are affected differently. HGS and muscle function tests may not be sensitive enough to identify acute changes during hospitalisation. Currently, muscle health deterioration may be underdiagnosed impacting recovery, quality of life and overall health following hospitalisation. Further evaluation is necessary to determine the suitability of existing diagnostic criteria of acute sarcopenia. Muscle mass and quality indices might need to become the primary determinants for muscle health assessment in hospitalised populations.
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