Quantification of CO2 degassing and atmospheric dispersion at Caldeiras da Ribeira Grande (São Miguel Island, Azores)

Viveiros, Fátima; Baldoni, Eleonora; Massaro, Silvia; Stocchi, Manuel; Costa, Antonio; Caliro, S.; Chiodini, Giovanni; Andrade, César

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107807

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Finally, these data were preprocessed (wind speed and direction converted from polar to terrain-following cartesian components) and interpolated to the calculation grid using the PRESFC and PREUPR software [Douglas et al 1990]. We note that, by using the ECMWF/ERA5-DIAGNO-DISGAS workflow, our approach is identical to that proposed by the VIGIL software [Massaro et al 2021;Dioguardi et al 2022;Viveiros et al 2023].…”

Section: Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of the volcanic plume dispersion from the hydrothermal system of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe

Rave-Bonilla,

Jessop,

Moune

et al. 2023

Volcanica

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Passive volcanic degassing results in the emission of toxic gases such as H2S at quasi-steady rates over long periods of time that pose a significant hazard to human health even in low gas concentrations. Currently, La Soufrière de Guadeloupe has one of the highest gas emission rates in the Lesser Antilles arc, with gas emitted mainly from low-temperature fumaroles. In this study, gas dispersion from the volcano between 2016–2021 was modelled using a numerical code that takes into account wind and atmospheric data, topography and gas flux measurements. We ran c.100 individual simulations of the most frequently observed wind and gas flux conditions using a Monte-Carlo scheme. Our results, validated using air-quality measurements and citizen-science surveys, show that the most exposed zones are the hamlet of Matouba and the upper St. Claude. These areas have 20% and 5% probability, respectively, of exceeding H2S guidelines for long-term gas exposure (70 ppb).

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Section: Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of the volcanic plume dispersion from the hydrothermal system of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe

Rave-Bonilla,

Jessop,

Moune

et al. 2023

Volcanica

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“…Gas dispersal is controlled by multiple variables such as source location and magnitude, wind and terrain conditions, and gas species composition. In the last few years, more attention has been paid to test the capabilities of dispersion models to either quantify the associated hazard assessment (Massaro et al, 2021;2022;Ra in et al, 2024) or indirectly estimate the unknown gas contribution of fumarolic uxes (Viveiros et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of volcanic degassing and analysis of uncertainties using numerical modelling: the case of Stephanos crater (Nisyros Island, Greece)

Massaro,

Tamburello,

Bini

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Nisyros Island (Greece) is affected by widespread gas emissions from fumarolic fields located at the bottom of hydrothermal craters in the southern part of its caldera. This morphology and the current low gas fluxes make Nisyros an ideal site for testing the limits of physics-based gas dispersal models in confined and low-emission conditions. Here, we focused our attention on the local scale volcanic gas dispersion from the Stephanos hydrothermal crater. In April 2023, a one-week survey was carried out to measure weather data, CO2 and H2S gas fluxes, air concentrations from portable gas stations, chemical composition of fumarolic gases and to acquire thermal images of the crater floor. These data were used as inputs and boundary conditions for numerical simulations using DISGAS-2.6 model in order to quantify the present-day volcanic degassing and its associated uncertainties, accounting for the meteorological variability. Model results are provided in terms of H2S probabilistic exceedance and persistence maps, showing gas concentrations within the crater that fall below the thresholds indicated for the occurrence of serious respiratory problems. Since DISGAS-2.6 does not account for chemical reactions, this study represents a good opportunity to discuss the methodological limits of simulating the dispersion of H2S which is challenging due to its rapid degradation and dilution in the atmosphere. In this regard, we also provided an empirical law of the H2S depletion in low-emission conditions that takes into account the uncertainties related to the field measurements.

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Quantification of volcanic degassing and analysis of uncertainties using numerical modeling: the case of Stephanos crater (Nisyros Island, Greece)

Massaro,

Tamburello,

Bini

et al. 2024

Bull Volcanol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nisyros Island (Greece) is affected by widespread gas emissions from fumarolic fields located at the bottom of hydrothermal craters in the southern part of its caldera. This morphology and the current low gas fluxes make Nisyros an ideal site for testing the limits of physics-based gas dispersal models in confined and low-emission conditions. Here, we focused our attention on the local scale volcanic gas dispersion from the Stephanos hydrothermal crater. In April 2023, a 1-week survey was carried out to measure weather data, CO2 and H2S gas fluxes, air concentrations from portable gas stations, and chemical composition of fumarolic gases and to acquire thermal images of the crater floor. These data were used as inputs and boundary conditions for numerical simulations using a DISGAS-2.6.0 model in order to quantify the present-day volcanic degassing and its associated uncertainties, accounting for the meteorological variability. Model results are provided in terms of H2S probabilistic exceedance and persistence maps, showing gas concentrations within the crater that fall below the thresholds indicated for the occurrence of serious respiratory problems. Since DISGAS-2.6.0 does not account for chemical reactions, this study represents a good opportunity to discuss the methodological limits of simulating the dispersion of H2S which is challenging due to its rapid degradation and dilution in the atmosphere. In this regard, we also provided an empirical law of the H2S depletion in low-emission conditions that takes into account the uncertainties related to the field measurements.

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Quantification of CO2 degassing and atmospheric dispersion at Caldeiras da Ribeira Grande (São Miguel Island, Azores)

Cited by 10 publications

References 58 publications

Numerical modelling of the volcanic plume dispersion from the hydrothermal system of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe

Numerical modelling of the volcanic plume dispersion from the hydrothermal system of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe

Quantification of volcanic degassing and analysis of uncertainties using numerical modelling: the case of Stephanos crater (Nisyros Island, Greece)

Quantification of volcanic degassing and analysis of uncertainties using numerical modeling: the case of Stephanos crater (Nisyros Island, Greece)

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