Quantification of Eicosanoids and Their Metabolites in Biological Matrices: A Review

Chhonker, Yashpal S.; Bala, Veenu; Murry, Daryl J.

doi:10.4155/bio-2018-0173

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…To avoid artifacts, several reviews summarize the conventional and modern sample preparation techniques for the detection of specific OS biomarkers. In 2018, a review about the quantification of eicosanoids and their metabolites in biological matrices [81] and another review article about the detection of 8‐OHdG were written [82], while in 2019, a review about modern methods of sample preparation for the analysis of oxylipins in biological samples was published [83]. Even more recently, advancements in the analytical quantification of 3‐NT were reviewed as well [84].…”

Section: Literature About Different Sample Preparation Techniques Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent progress in the LC–MS/MS analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers

et al. 2020

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The presence of a dynamic and balanced equilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species and the in‐house antioxidant defense mechanisms is characteristic for a healthy body. During oxidative stress (OS), this balance is switched to increased production of ROS and RNS, exceeding the capacity of physiological antioxidant systems. This can cause damage to biological molecules, leading to loss of function and even cell death. Nowadays, there is increasing scientific and clinical interest in OS and the associated parameters to measure the degree of OS in biofluids. An increasing number of reports using LC–MS/MS methods for the analysis of OS biomarkers can be found. Since bioanalysis is usually complicated by matrix effects, various types of cleanup procedures are used to effectively separate the biomarkers from the matrix. This is an essential part of the analysis to prepare a reproducible and homogenous solution suitable for injection onto the column. The present review gives a summary of the chromatographic methods used for the determination of OS biomarkers in both urine and plasma, serum, and whole blood samples. The first part mainly describes the biological background of the different OS biomarkers, while the second part reports examples of chromatographic methods for the analysis of different metabolites connected with OS in biofluids, covering a period from 2015 till early 2020. The selected examples mainly include LC–MS/MS methods for isoprostanes, oxidized proteins, oxidized lipoproteins, and DNA/RNA biomarkers. The last part explains the clinical relevance of this review.

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Section: Literature About Different Sample Preparation Techniques Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More papers concerning the analysis of eicosanoids in biological fluids can be found in the review of Chhonker et al. [81].…”

Section: Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Quantified In Human Plasma Serumentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in the LC–MS/MS analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers

et al. 2020

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“…Isoprostanes can be found in almost all biological fluids including blood plasma, urine (16) and cerebrospinal fluid (17), and their concentration in the tissues, in specific body fluids, or in condensate from exhaled air (18,19), can provide information about OS in a particular organ or system (20). Endogenous isoprostanes are found at low concentrations in biological matrices (21) and either the methods for simultaneous determination of several of them or methods for the measurement of single isoprostanes are employed for the assessment of OS. The major single isoprostane is 15(S)-8-iso-PGF 2a , and its quantification is considered as one of the most reliable approaches for the assessment of ROS damage (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase separation liquid-liquid extraction for the quantification of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2 Alpha in human plasma by LC-MS/MS

et al. 2021

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Summary Background. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the body during normal metabolism by means of enzymes and non-enzymatic chemical reduction of molecular oxygen. In case of prevalence of ROS formation over their elimination, highly reactive free radicals can be accumulated and can cause multiple damages to the biomolecules and cells. Determination of isoprostanes in biological matrices is most often used to register free radical damage and requires selective, sensitive and specific techniques. Methods. This study presents the development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α in human plasma utilising a modified liquid-liquid extraction procedure with phase separation. Results. Modified sample preparation procedure assured higher extraction yield, clear separation of organic layer from plasma water phase and protein precipitates, and better purified product for instrumental analysis. Linearity was validated in the range 0.1 – 5.0 µg/L with R2>0.996; normalised matrix varied between 86.0 and 108.3%, accuracy ranged from 90.4 % to 113.9% and precision both within-runs and between-runs was less than 7%. With a run time of 10 min, a throughput of over 50 samples per working day could be performed. Conclusion. The method meets all the current industrial validation criteria and allows the accurate and precise determination of 8-iso-PGF2α in human plasma at diagnostically significant concentration range.

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“…Eicosanoids, bio-active lipid molecules, elicit a wide range of biological effects that plays a role in physiological and pathophysiological conditions ( Harizi et al., 2008 ; Buczynski et al., 2009 ; Chhonker et al., 2018 ). Eicosanoid driven processes have been shown to have increasing importance in the development, progression and metastasis of gynecological malignancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Eicosanoids in Gynecological Malignancies

et al. 2020

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Eicosanoids, bio-active lipid molecules, evoke a multitude of biological effects that directly affect cancer cells and indirectly affect tumor microenvironment. An emerging role has been shown for eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of gynecological malignancies which include cancers of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine, and ovary. Eicosanoid biosynthesis pathways start at the metabolism of phospholipids by phospholipase A2 then proceeding to one of three pathways: the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), or P450 epoxygenase pathways. The most studied eicosanoid pathways include COX and LOX; however, more evidence is appearing to support further study of the P450 epoxygenase pathway in gynecologic cancers. In this review, we present the current knowledge of the role of COX, LOX and P450 pathways in the pathogenesis of gynecologic malignancies. Vulvar and vaginal cancer, the rarest subtypes, there is association of COX-2 expression with poor disease specific survival in vulvar cancer and, in vaginal cancer, COX-2 expression has been found to play a role in mucosal inflammation leading to disease susceptibility and transmission. Cervical cancer is associated with COX-2 levels 7.4 times higher than in healthy tissues. Additionally, HPV elevates COX-2 levels through the EGFR pathway and HIV promotes elevated COX-2 levels in cervical tissue as well as increases PGE 2 levels eliciting inflammation and progression of cancer. Evidence supports significant roles for both the LOX and COX pathways in uterine cancer. In endometrial cancer, there is increased expression of 5-LOX which is associated with adverse outcomes. Prostanoids in the COX pathway PGE 2 and PGF 2α have been shown to play a significant role in uterine cancer including alteration of proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and the inflammatory microenvironment. The most studied gynecological malignancy in regard to the potential role of eicosanoids in tumorigenesis is ovarian cancer in which all three pathways have shown to be associated or play a role in ovarian tumorigenesis directly on the tumor cell or through modulation of the tumor microenvironment. By identifying the gaps in knowledge, additional pathways and targets could be identified in order to obtain a better understanding of eicosanoid signaling in gynecological malignancies and identify potential new therapeutic approaches.

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Quantification of Eicosanoids and Their Metabolites in Biological Matrices: A Review

Cited by 34 publications

References 124 publications

Recent progress in the LC–MS/MS analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers

Recent progress in the LC–MS/MS analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers

Phase separation liquid-liquid extraction for the quantification of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2 Alpha in human plasma by LC-MS/MS

The Role of Eicosanoids in Gynecological Malignancies

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