Quantification of Enteric Viruses, Pathogen Indicators, and
            <i>Salmonella</i>
            Bacteria in Class B Anaerobically Digested Biosolids by Culture and Molecular Methods

Wong, Kelvin; Onan, Brandon M.; Xagoraraki, Irene

doi:10.1128/aem.02685-09

Cited by 72 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…108(1): 77-83, February 2013 Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) generate large amounts of residual sludge as part of the sewage treatment process. This sludge contains a series of concentrated contaminants, mainly heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths (Monpoeho et al 2004, Guzmán et al 2007, Viau & Peccia 2009, Wong et al 2010.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficiency of concentration methods used to detect enteric viruses in anaerobically digested sludge

Prado

Guilayn

Gaspar

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The presence of enteric viruses in biosolids can be underestimated due to the inefficient methods (mainly molecular methods) used to recover the viruses from these matrices. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the different methods used to recover adenoviruses (AdV), rotavirus species A (RVA), norovirus genogroup II (NoV GII) and the hepatitis A virus (HAV) from biosolid samples at a large urban wastewater treatment plant in Brazil after they had been treated by mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for spiking experiments to compare the detection limits of feasible methods, such as beef extract elution and ultracentrifugation. Tests were performed to detect the inhibition levels and the bacteriophage PP7 was used as an internal control. The results showed that the inhibitors affected the efficiency of the PCR reaction and that beef extract elution is a suitable method for detecting enteric viruses, mainly AdV from biosolid samples. All of the viral groups were detected in the biosolid samples: AdV (90%), RVA, NoV GII (45%) and HAV (18%), indicating the viruses' resistance to the anaerobic treatment process. This is the first study in Brazil to detect the presence of RVA, AdV, NoV GII and HAV in anaerobically digested sludge, highlighting the importance of adequate waste management.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficiency of concentration methods used to detect enteric viruses in anaerobically digested sludge

Prado

Guilayn

Gaspar

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…There was an average 4.2 log 10 (range 1.9 to 5.0 log 10 ) reduction in infectious virus in sludge after treatment in a study of five WWTPs (Simmons and Xagoraraki, 2011b). Wong et al (2010) and Monpoeho et al (2001) reported an average of 4 log 10 MPN/gm in class B sludge after dewatering (four WWTPs) or MAD (thirteen WWTPs). Differences in recovery levels after dewatering and some of the variation in the number of enterovirus positive samples between the two reports may have been due to differences in plant location and virological tests used.…”

Section: Biosolidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mesophilic anaerobic degradation is the most common method for generating Class B biosolids in the US (Wong et al, 2010). Land and agricultural use of class B sludge has been regulated by the US EPA to reduce pathogen transmission "by allowing time for natural processes to further reduce pathogen levels".…”

Section: Biosolidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study provided a rapid sludge testing protocol capable of determining concentrations of viral genomes and proportion of infectious virus particles in sludge samples. Wong et al (2010) investigated the occurrence and the quantitative levels of human EVs and other enteric viruses (human adenovirus, NoVGGI, NovGGII ,and hepatitis A virus) in class B mesophilic anaerobically digested (MAD) biosolid samples using molecular (qPCR) and cell culture methods. In this study, the levels of human adenoviruses were significantly higher than the levels of other enteric viruses and they were also detected more frequently than other enteric viruses.…”

Section: Occurrence In Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Polioviruses and other Enteroviruses

Betancourt¹,

Shulman²

2019

Water and Sanitation for the 21st Century: Health and Microbiological Aspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management (Global Wate

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“…A minimum separation distance of 0.75 m between the soil surface and groundwater is required when biosolids are applied. There are many regional variations in required set-back distances and other management practices to protect the environment and public health [118][119][120][121][122].…”

Section: Best Management Practices For Biosolids To Protect Water Quamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Biosolids and Manure Application on Microbial Water Quality in Rural Areas in the US

Oun

Kumar

Harrigan

et al. 2014

Water

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Most of the waterborne disease outbreaks observed in North America are associated with rural drinking water systems. The majority of the reported waterborne outbreaks are related to microbial agents (parasites, bacteria and viruses). Rural areas are characterized by high livestock density and lack of advanced treatment systems for animal and human waste, and wastewater. Animal waste from livestock production facilities is often applied to land without prior treatment. Biosolids (treated municipal wastewater sludge) from large wastewater facilities in urban areas are often transported and applied to land in rural areas. This situation introduces a potential for risk of human exposure to waterborne contaminants such as human and zoonotic pathogens originating from manure, biosolids, and leaking septic systems. This paper focuses on waterborne outbreaks and sources of microbial pollution in rural areas in the US, characterization of the microbial load of biosolids and manure, association of biosolid and manure application with microbial contamination of surface and groundwater, risk assessment and best management practice for biosolids and manure application to protect water quality. Gaps in knowledge are identified, and recommendations to improve the water quality in the rural areas are discussed. OPEN ACCESS

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Quantification of Enteric Viruses, Pathogen Indicators, and Salmonella Bacteria in Class B Anaerobically Digested Biosolids by Culture and Molecular Methods

Cited by 72 publications

References 42 publications

The efficiency of concentration methods used to detect enteric viruses in anaerobically digested sludge

The efficiency of concentration methods used to detect enteric viruses in anaerobically digested sludge

Polioviruses and other Enteroviruses

Effects of Biosolids and Manure Application on Microbial Water Quality in Rural Areas in the US

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