Quantification of facial asymmetry by 2D analysis – A comparison of recent approaches

Berlin, Nina Franka; Berssenbrügge, Philipp; Runte, Christoph; Wermker, Kai; Jung, Susanne; Kleinheinz, Johannes; Dirksen, Dieter

doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2013.07.033

Cited by 65 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Nevertheless, a starting point in this analysis is the static definition of some sectors involved in facial asymmetry. Berlin et al (2014), studying methods of reference in facial asymmetries, identified that obtaining angles and lines based on few points of measurement would be an obstacle in the definition of facial asymmetry. In 3D models, the mirror image can be an alternative, being confirmed by Ozsoy (2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft and Hard Tissue Relations in Facial Asymmetry

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OLATE, S.; CANTÍN, M.; MUÑOZ, M. & VÁSQUEZ, B.Soft and hard tissue relations in facial asymmetry. Int. J. Morphol., 34(3):1058Morphol., 34(3): -1062Morphol., 34(3): , 2016. SUMMARY:The aim of this study was to determine the relations between hard and soft tissues in subjects with facial asymmetry. Included were subjects aged between 15 and 35 years who presented a chin deviation greater than 5 mm from the midline and a unilateral posterior crossbite. Cone beam computed tomography was used to determine the measurements, positioning them on the three spatial planes; then, 5 bilateral bone points were selected on the coronal image, and parallel measurements were taken to determine the range between the bone point and the most lateral soft tissue point. The statistical analysis was done using the Shapiro-Wilk test, presenting normality in the sample distribution and Levene's test, considering a value of p < 0.05 to obtain significant differences. 20 subjects were included with an average age of 23 years, observing that there were differences in the soft tissue distance in relation to the mandibular condylar head; in other measurements, there were no significant differences, although tendencies of greater or less soft tissue width in relation to the mandibular sector of the asymmetry were observed. It may be concluded that there are limited differences in soft tissue width in subjects with facial asymmetry; the low sample number and the selection of new points may have influenced the results.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft and Hard Tissue Relations in Facial Asymmetry

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Facial morphology is currently a very active area of research. Conventional methods for facial appearance analysis are based on two-dimensional (2D) measurement methods, such as capturing series 2D photographs from different angles, and using Vernier caliper and bevel protractor to measure 2D projection distances and angles [1,2]. In recent years, with the development of optical scanning technology, facial morphology research has been raised to a new level from 2D to three-dimensional (3D) with the use of 3D facial scanners [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Accuracy of Facial Scan for Facial Deformities in Clinics: A New Evaluation Method for Facial Scanner Accuracy

Zhao¹,

Xiong²,

Wang³

2017

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, the practical accuracy (PA) of optical facial scanners for facial deformity patients in oral clinic was evaluated. Ten patients with a variety of facial deformities from oral clinical were included in the study. For each patient, a three-dimensional (3D) face model was acquired, via a high-accuracy industrial “line-laser” scanner (Faro), as the reference model and two test models were obtained, via a “stereophotography” (3dMD) and a “structured light” facial scanner (FaceScan) separately. Registration based on the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm was executed to overlap the test models to reference models, and “3D error” as a new measurement indicator calculated by reverse engineering software (Geomagic Studio) was used to evaluate the 3D global and partial (upper, middle, and lower parts of face) PA of each facial scanner. The respective 3D accuracy of stereophotography and structured light facial scanners obtained for facial deformities was 0.58±0.11 mm and 0.57±0.07 mm. The 3D accuracy of different facial partitions was inconsistent; the middle face had the best performance. Although the PA of two facial scanners was lower than their nominal accuracy (NA), they all met the requirement for oral clinic use.

show abstract

“…We used a similar method to calculate the area of the defect and to objectify the amount of intraoperative frontal profile surgical correction and overcorrection. In 2014, Berlin recommended the combination of the use of horizontal measurements (AI asymmetry index, FA overall facial index) and of a vertical linear measurement or angle between the midline and the horizontal line (Berlin et al, 2014;Song et al, 2007;Yu et al, 2009). A two-dimensional photometric analysis is a valid and simple method.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%