Quantification of fluorotelomer-based chemicals in mammalian matrices by monitoring perfluoroalkyl chain fragments with GC/MS

Henderson, W. Matthew; Weber, Eric J.; Duirk, Stephen E.; Washington, John W.; Smith, Mary Alice

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.08.042

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Confirmation of the Analyte Identity. Analytical methods have been reported for the detection and quantitation of FTOHs in air samples (12,21) and tissues of FTOH-dosed animals (22). Whereas single-quadrupole GC/MS analysis in these matrices enjoys the benefit of relatively simple matrices of air or predictable matrix effects for common tissues among test animals, the complex matrix effects that potentially are unique to every soil sample offer special challenges to analyte confirmation (15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations, Distribution, and Persistence of Fluorotelomer Alcohols in Sludge-Applied Soils near Decatur, Alabama, USA

Yoo

Washington

Ellington

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Soil samples were collected for fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) analyses from six fields to which sludge had been applied and one "background" field that had not received sludge. Ten analytes in soil extracts were quantified using GC/MS. Sludge-applied fields had surface soil FTOH concentrations exceeding levels found in the background field. For 8:2nFTOH, which can degrade to perfluorooctanoic acid, impacted surface-soils ranged from 5 to 73 ng/g dry weight, clearly exceeding the background field in which 8:2nFTOH was not detected. The highest [FTOH] generally was 10:2nFTOH, which had concentrations of <5.6 to 166 ng/g. For the first time, we document the persistence of straight-chained primary FTOHs (n-FTOHs) and branch-chained secondary FTOHs (sec-FTOHs), which are transformation products of n-FTOHs, in field soils for at least five years after sludge application. Ratios of sec-FTOHs to n-FTOHs were highest for 7:2sFTOH/8:2nFTOH (∼50%) and decreased with increasing chain length to a minimum for the longest-chained analytes, 13:2sFTOH/14:2nFTOH (∼10%). Disappearance half-lives for FTOHs, calculated with these data, ranged from 0.85 to 1.8 years. These analytical results show that the practice of sludge application to land is a pathway for the introduction of FTOHs and, accordingly, their transformation products, perfluorocarboxylic acids, into the environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations, Distribution, and Persistence of Fluorotelomer Alcohols in Sludge-Applied Soils near Decatur, Alabama, USA

Yoo

Washington

Ellington

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Nonsieved sediments were characterized by determining particle-size distribution, total organic material, carbon and nitrogen contents, and concentrations of metals including amorphous iron, hereafter referred to as FeOH (Tables S3, S4). Oligochaete tissue was extracted with an ion-pairing procedure using a modification of the method of Henderson et al [25]. Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (Waters ACQUITY UPLC 1 ) with tandem mass-spectrometry (Waters Quattro Premier TM ) in negativeelectrospray-ionization mode was employed to determine PFC concentrations in the prepared water, sediment, and tissue samples (Tables S5, S6).…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorinated chemicals in surface waters and sediments from northwest Georgia, USA, and their bioaccumulation in Lumbriculus variegatus

Lasier

Washington

Hassan

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Concentrations of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) were measured in surface waters and sediments from the Coosa River watershed in northwest Georgia, USA, to examine their distribution downstream of a suspected source. Samples from eight sites were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sediments were also used in 28-d exposures with the aquatic oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, to assess PFC bioaccumulation. Concentrations of PFCs in surface waters and sediments increased significantly below a land-application site (LAS) of municipal/industrial wastewater and were further elevated by unknown sources downstream. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with eight or fewer carbons were the most prominent in surface waters. Those with 10 or more carbons predominated sediment and tissue samples. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the major homolog in contaminated sediments and tissues. This pattern among sediment PFC concentrations was consistent among sites and reflected homolog concentrations emanating from the LAS. Concentrations of PFCs in oligochaete tissues revealed patterns similar to those observed in the respective sediments. The tendency to bioaccumulate increased with PFCA chain length and the presence of the sulfonate moiety. Biota-sediment accumulation factors indicated that short-chain PFCAs with fewer than seven carbons may be environmentally benign alternatives in aquatic ecosystems; however, sulfonates with four to seven carbons may be as likely to bioaccumulate as PFOS.

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“…Additionally, precursor compounds including 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanol (8:2 FTOH) have been shown to degrade to form PFOA (Dinglasan et al, 2004). Therefore, past exposure to 8:2 FTOH could also result in the accumulation of PFOA in the serum (Henderson et al, 2007). As production of PFOA and its precursors has decreased in the United States, PFOA serum concentrations measured in the general United States population have decreased (Kato et al, 2011), indicating that these exposures have also decreased over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of human exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid suggests historical non drinking-water exposures are important for predicting current serum concentrations

Worley

Yang

Fisher

2017

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Manufacturing of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a synthetic chemical with a long half-life in humans, peaked between 1970 and 2002, and has since diminished. In the United States, PFOA is detected in the blood of >99% of people tested, but serum concentrations have decreased since 1999. Much is known about exposure to PFOA in drinking water; however, the impact of non-drinking water PFOA exposure on serum PFOA concentrations is not well characterized. The objective of this research is to apply physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and Monte Carlo analysis to evaluate the impact of historic non-drinking water PFOA exposure on serum PFOA concentrations. In vitro to in vivo extrapolation was utilized to inform descriptions of PFOA transport in the kidney. Monte Carlo simulations were incorporated to evaluate factors that account for the large inter-individual variability of serum PFOA concentrations measured in individuals from North Alabama in 2010 and 2016, and the Mid-Ohio River Valley between 2005 and 2008. Predicted serum PFOA concentrations were within two-fold of experimental data. With incorporation of Monte Carlo simulations, the model successfully tracked the large variability of serum PFOA concentrations measured in populations from the Mid-Ohio River Valley. Simulation of exposure in a population of 45 adults from North Alabama successfully predicted 98% of individual serum PFOA concentrations measured in 2010 and 2016, respectively, when non-drinking water ingestion of PFOA exposure was included. Variation in serum PFOA concentrations may be due to inter-individual variability in the disposition of PFOA and potentially elevated historical non-drinking water exposures.

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Quantification of fluorotelomer-based chemicals in mammalian matrices by monitoring perfluoroalkyl chain fragments with GC/MS

Cited by 38 publications

References 26 publications

Concentrations, Distribution, and Persistence of Fluorotelomer Alcohols in Sludge-Applied Soils near Decatur, Alabama, USA

Concentrations, Distribution, and Persistence of Fluorotelomer Alcohols in Sludge-Applied Soils near Decatur, Alabama, USA

Perfluorinated chemicals in surface waters and sediments from northwest Georgia, USA, and their bioaccumulation in Lumbriculus variegatus

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of human exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid suggests historical non drinking-water exposures are important for predicting current serum concentrations

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