Quantification of Hortonian overland flow generation and soil erosion in a Central European low mountain range using rainfall experiments

Butzen, V.; Seeger, Manuel; Wirtz, Stefan; Huemann, M.; Mueller, Carsten W.; Casper, Markus; Ries, Johannes B.

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2013.07.008

Cited by 24 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…(i) In the deciduous litter layer the leaves are overlapping and partly impermeable, which may cause more surface near flow than in coniferous litter layers with relatively large pore spaces in between needles. (ii) The relatively higher level of hydrophobicity of coniferous forest floors compared to deciduous forest floors (Butzen et al, 2014) can result in less DOC release from coniferous forest floors. (iii) The mobilization of DOC in soils depends on throughfall chemistry (Kalbitz et al, 2000).…”

Section: Chemical Properties Of Dom and Pom In Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As much of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic systems originates from soil-derived organic matter, the export of terrestrial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) into aquatic environments is a primary link between these systems (Bauer and Bianchi, 2011;Bianchi, 2011;Camino-Serrano et al, 2014;Canham et al, 2012). The export of terrestrial C and N occurs in the form of dissolved and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON, POC, PON).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in runoff fluxes of dissolved and particulate carbon and nitrogen from two watersheds of different tree species during intense storm events

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Heavy storm events may increase the amount of organic matter in runoff from forested watersheds as well as the relation of dissolved to particulate organic matter. This study evaluated the effects of monsoon storm events on the runoff fluxes and on the composition of dissolved (< 0.45 µm) and particulate (0.7 µm to 1 mm) organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON, POC, PON) in a mixed coniferous/deciduous (mixed watershed) and a deciduous forested watershed (deciduous watershed) in South Korea. During storm events, DOC concentrations in runoff increased with discharge, while DON concentrations remained almost constant. DOC, DON and NO 3 -N fluxes in runoff increased linearly with discharge pointing to changing flow paths from deeper to upper soil layers at high discharge, whereas nonlinear responses of POC and PON fluxes were observed likely due to the origin of particulate matter from the erosion of mineral soil along the stream benches. The integrated C and N fluxes in runoff over the 2-month study period were in the order of DOC > POC and NO 3 -N > DON > PON. The integrated DOC fluxes in runoff during the study period were much larger at the deciduous watershed (16 kg C ha −1 ) than at the mixed watershed (7 kg C ha −1 ), while the integrated NO 3 -N fluxes were higher at the mixed watershed (5.2 kg N ha −1 ) than at the deciduous watershed (2.9 kg N ha −1 ). The latter suggests a larger N uptake by deciduous trees. Integrated fluxes of POC and PON were similar at both watersheds. The composition of organic matter in soils and runoff indicates that the contribution of near-surface flow to runoff was larger at the deciduous than at the mixed watershed. Our results demonstrate different responses of particulate and dissolved C and N in runoff to storm events as a combined effect of tree species composition and watershed specific flow paths.

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Section: Chemical Properties Of Dom and Pom In Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in runoff fluxes of dissolved and particulate carbon and nitrogen from two watersheds of different tree species during intense storm events

et al. 2016

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“…The prerequisite for the effective protection of the territory is to monitor processes at different spatial and temporal scales and use the obtained database to formulate, calibrate and validate predictive models needed to define the "risk areas" and to quantify this risk. Usually, these models must be properly calibrated and validated over the territory in which they are used, making use of databases and studies carried out on a local scale (Bagarello et al, 2011(Bagarello et al, , 2014Butzen et al, 2014;Cerdà, 1998;Di Stefano et al, 2005;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of satellite and modeled soil moisture data for predicting event soil loss at plot scale

Todisco

Brocca

Termite

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The potential of coupling soil moisture and a Universal Soil Loss Equation-based (USLE-based) model for event soil loss estimation at plot scale is carefully investigated at the Masse area, in central Italy. The derived model, named Soil Moisture for Erosion (SM4E), is applied by considering the unavailability of in situ soil moisture measurements, by using the data predicted by a soil water balance model (SWBM) and derived from satellite sensors, i.e., the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT). The soil loss estimation accuracy is validated using in situ measurements in which event observations at plot scale are available for the period 2008-2013. The results showed that including soil moisture observations in the event rainfall-runoff erosivity factor of the USLE enhances the capability of the model to account for variations in event soil losses, the soil moisture being an effective alternative to the estimated runoff, in the prediction of the event soil loss at Masse. The agreement between observed and estimated soil losses (through SM4E) is fairly satisfactory with a determination coefficient (log-scale) equal to ∼ 0.35 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of ∼ 2.8 Mg ha −1 . These results are particularly significant for the operational estimation of soil losses. Indeed, currently, soil moisture is a relatively simple measurement at the field scale and remote sensing data are also widely available on a global scale. Through satellite data, there is the potential of applying the SM4E model for large-scale monitoring and quantification of the soil erosion process.

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“…These could operate alone or in combination. Rainfall events having intensities greater than the infiltration capacity of soils generate spontaneous run-off events based on the Hortonian mechanism [49][50][51] . However, under low-intensity rainfall events, run-off generation is primarily caused because of a saturation excess flow 52 .…”

Section: Ecohydrological Implications Of Increasing Zdd Under Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Hortonian mechanism might set in under highintensity events replacing the saturation-excess run-off mechanism. There is evidence in the literature supporting that run-off generation mechanisms are spatially and temporally dynamic in different ecosystems and are governed by a variety of factors, including climate 46,51 . Nevertheless, the net result of the perturbed hydrological processes reflects a transformation in the nature of the local water balance mechanism.…”

Section: Ecohydrological Implications Of Increasing Zdd Under Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Perennial to Ephemeral Transformation of a Lesser Himalayan Watershed

Rawat¹,

Govind²,

Rawat³

et al. 2016

Current Science

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Under a changing climate, the Sub-Himalayan ecosystems are likely to experience marked transformations in hydrological, biogeochemical and biophysical processes. To explore this, we have been observing various hydrometeorological parameters in a completely rain-fed sub-Himalayan watershed (Salla Rauetella Watershed) since 1991. We noted a changing trend for some of the hydrometeorological parameters over the 22-yr period. While the annual air temperature has increased significantly, the annual rainfall also shows an increasing trend with a higher probability of increased rainfall intensity. The run-off data show a peculiar trend that the watershed has been transforming itself from a perennial to an ephemeral system, despite an increasing trend of rainfall magnitudes. This is primarily attributed to the increasing trends of rainfall intensities exceeding the infiltration capacities of the soil which trigger large but high-intensity run-off events with dry spells in other periods, which makes the river ephemeral. We infer a likely dynamic change in the run-off-generation mechanism which warrants the need for a more precise and rigorous observationcum-measurement strategy of ecohydrological processes in Himalayan ecosystems, supported with modelling and remote sensing approaches. This will help identify the optimal headwater treatment measures for augmenting groundwater to sustain the rainfed streams of the Himalaya under a changing climate.

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Quantification of Hortonian overland flow generation and soil erosion in a Central European low mountain range using rainfall experiments

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Variability in runoff fluxes of dissolved and particulate carbon and nitrogen from two watersheds of different tree species during intense storm events

Variability in runoff fluxes of dissolved and particulate carbon and nitrogen from two watersheds of different tree species during intense storm events

Use of satellite and modeled soil moisture data for predicting event soil loss at plot scale

Perennial to Ephemeral Transformation of a Lesser Himalayan Watershed

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