Quantification of <i>Acremonium coenophialum</i> in Tall Fescue Seed Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy<sup>1</sup>

Hill, Nicholas S.; Petersen, J. C.; Shelby, Richard A.; Dalrymple, Lisa; Barton, Franklin E.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1987.0011183x002700060040x

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The NIRS calibration equation developed with microscopic data did not predict infection (Table 2). A similar conclusion was reached when microscopic data were used in an attempt to spectrally quantify infection level in tall fescue seed (8). For the optimum equation achieved in this study, the calibration R 2 was 0.29 and the validation r2 was 0.03 (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Estimation of Acremonium Coenophialum Mycelium in Infected Tall Fescue

1988

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Current methods for assessing the infection level in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) infected with the fungal endophyte, Acremonium coenophialum Morgan‐Jones & Gams, do not quantify mycelial dry matter. The objective of this study was the estimation of mycelium by chemical and spectral determination of chitin, a fungal cell wall polymer. Tall fescue samples with various proportions of infected plants were collected from paddocks established on a Cecil sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludult) soil. Samples were analyzed for chitin, and the chemical data were used to develop a spectral prediction equation using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The calibration and validation coefficients of determination were 0.86 and 0.84, respectively. The validated equation was used in the prediction of chitin in 95 other samples collected from paddocks microscopically evaluated for percent infected plants, and microscopic data were regressed against predicted chitin. Percent infection, as predicted by the microscopic procedure, and chitin concentration were not correlated (P > 0.05). The NIRS calibration set was expanded to include samples collected in Illinois. The improved equation accounted for 91 and 89% of the variability in calibration and validation, respectively. The mean and standard error of calibration were 328 and 50 mg kg−1 dry matter (DM), respectively. The expanded equation was used to quantify chitin from spring and fall pastures in Illinois that contained 100% infected plants. Chitin in spring pastures ranged from 118 to 961 mg kg−1 DM and varied greatly. Fall chitin varied little and the maximum concentration was 596 mg kg−1 DM. We concluded that endophytic chitin in tall fescue could be quantified chemically and spectrally. If potential sources of error are accounted for, these procedures can be used to estimate relative A. coenophialum mycelium.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Estimation of Acremonium Coenophialum Mycelium in Infected Tall Fescue

1988

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“…The leaves of the OD samples were separated from the stems, ground to pass a 1-mm screen using a Cyclotec Model 1093 cyclone mill (Tecator AB, Hoganas, Sweden) and scanned by a Pacific Instruments/Gardner Neotec Division (Silver Spring, MD) Model 6250 NIR scanning monochromator as described by Hill et a!. ( 1987).…”

Section: Sampling and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening Sericea Lespedeza Germplasm for Herbage Quality

et al. 1991

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Sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don] is recognized as being a relatively poor quality forage because of high concentrations of tannins in its leaves. Therefore, an accurate assessment of tannins in the leaves is essential for the selection of low tannin lines. The objectives of our research were to investigate improved methods of tannin analysis for the screening of the lespedeza germplasm, and to determine the relationship between in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP), and leaf tannins. Field experiments containing 81 lespedeza entries were established at two locations. Herbage samples were harvested twice during the growing season for 2 yr and the leaves analyzed for IVDMD, CP, and tannin concentration by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Results of an HCI‐vanillin analysis of aqueous acetone extracts of fresh‐frozen samples (ACE‐FF) and oven‐dried samples (ACE‐OD), and methanolic extracts of oven‐dried samples (METOD) were used to derive the NIRS tannin equations. Standard errors of calibration (SEC) were lowest for the MET‐OD data and highest for the ACE‐FF data. However, coefficients of variation (CV) were inversely proportional to SEC. Coefficients of variation of field experiments were also lowest when samples were analyzed by the NIRS tannin equation derived from ACE‐FF data. Differences in tannin concentration, CP, and IVDMD existed among entries, locations, and seasons. Differences between locations and seasons were due to changes in moisture and temperature. Strong negative correlations were found for the ACE‐FF tannin data and IVDMD (r = −0.90 to −0.92), and ACE‐FF data and CP (r = −0.66 to −0.70) relationships. Our results indicate that the tannin analysis of ACE‐FF is a better reference method for NIRS calibration and subsequent screening of the lespedeza germplasm, and that the relationships between tannins, CP and IVDMD, suggest that a significant improvement in herbage quality may be achieved.

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“…thatch composition (Couillard et al, 1994), and to assess fungal infection levels in tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (Hill et al, 1987; Roberts et al, 1988). NIRS‐predicted N concentrations have been correlated with TKN for perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) (r 2 = 0.93) and creeping bentgrass (r 2 = 0.89) (Murphy, 1993) The main advantages of NIRS analysis for many constituent determinations are time savings, simple sample preparation, and nondestructiveness of the sample.…”

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Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy to Schedule Nitrogen Applications on Dwarf‐Type Bermudagrasses

Rodriguez

Miller

2000

Agronomy Journal

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Due to the high rates of N fertility necessary for producing high‐quality turfgrasses, quick, reliable methods of determining the N status of turfgrasses would be valuable management tools. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to schedule N fertilization on two dwarf‐type bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy]. The second objective was to test the accuracy of NIRS‐predicted mineral tissue concentrations. The third objective was to study the effect of N fertility on thatch development. ‘Tifdwarf’ and ‘FloraDwarf’ bermudagrasses grown on sand–peat (9:1 by volume) were subjected to five treatments using time, NIRS‐predicted N thresholds, and a visual quality rating threshold to schedule applications of (NH4)2SO4 for 20 wk per growing season in 1997 and 1998. There were positive linear relationships between total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and NIRS‐predicted N in 1997 (r2 = 0.76; slope = 0.96) and 1998 (r2 = 0.92; slope = 1.06). NIRS‐scheduled fertility resulted in similar quality with less fertilizer than time or visual quality‐based fertility. The NIRS mineral concentration predictions for K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu were positively correlated with traditional laboratory methods, but there was not sufficient precision in measurements to use NIRS for determination of these nutrients. Thatch development and yields were greater in treatments receiving higher rates of fertilizers, suggesting that excessive growth rates due to high rates of applied fertilizer may have contributed to thatch development.

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Quantification of Acremonium coenophialum in Tall Fescue Seed Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy¹

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Estimation of Acremonium Coenophialum Mycelium in Infected Tall Fescue

Estimation of Acremonium Coenophialum Mycelium in Infected Tall Fescue

Screening Sericea Lespedeza Germplasm for Herbage Quality

Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy to Schedule Nitrogen Applications on Dwarf‐Type Bermudagrasses

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Quantification of Acremonium coenophialum in Tall Fescue Seed Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy1

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Estimation of Acremonium Coenophialum Mycelium in Infected Tall Fescue

Estimation of Acremonium Coenophialum Mycelium in Infected Tall Fescue

Screening Sericea Lespedeza Germplasm for Herbage Quality

Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy to Schedule Nitrogen Applications on Dwarf‐Type Bermudagrasses

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Quantification of Acremonium coenophialum in Tall Fescue Seed Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy¹