Quantification of in vitro and in vivo energy metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract of fed or fasted sheep

Kelly, John; Southorn, B G; Kelly, C. E.; Milligan, L. P.; McBride, B.W.

doi:10.4141/cjas93-088

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In both cold and warm environments, feed restriction reduced heat production in lambs; these results agree with previous findings (Kelly et al 1993;Degen and Young 1980). However, Degen and Young (1980) did not indicate that feed restriction reduced heat production in a cold environment, as indicated in the present study.…”

Section: Metabolic Rate and Rectal Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Metabolic heat production is also increased in a cold environment (Graham et al 1981;Schaefer et al 1982;McBride and Christopherson 1984b;Young et al 1989). Contrarily, feed restriction led to reduced whole-body oxygen consumption and heat production (Degen and Young 1980;Kelly et al 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…They are likely the result of endocrine factors which induce changes in thermogenic processes in tissues (Christopherson 1994), including changes in visceral tissue metabolism (Kelly et al 1993). Thyroid status is known to increase respiration via increased 87 Abbreviations: A, ad libitum; ADG, Average daily gain; C, cold; R, restricted; T3, triiodothyronine; T4, thyroxine; W, warm activity of the sodium pump in the plasma membrane of liver cells (Gregg and Milligan 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Metabolic and endocrine responses to cold and feed restriction in ruminants

Ekpe¹,

Christopherson²

2000

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Ekpe, E. D. and Christopherson, R. J. 2000. Metabolic and endocrine responses to cold and feed restriction in ruminants. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 87-95. Twenty-four wether lambs were assigned to different temperature and feeding levels to assess their metabolic and endocrine profiles and to test the hypothesis that energy conservation responses of sheep to feed restriction occur in warm but not cold environments. Lambs were kept in warm (W; 23 ± 2°C) or cold (C; 0 ± 2°C) environments and received either an ad libitum (A) or a restricted (1.35 × maintenance) (R) level of feed intake, thus creating four treatment groups (WA, WR, CA and CR). Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, metabolic rates, rectal temperature, and plasma levels of insulin, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and cortisol were recorded during three periods of 5 wk each. The ADG was lower (P < 0.001) in feed-restricted groups. Cold exposure reduced the ADG along with feed efficiency in the first period (P < 0.01). Metabolic rate was lowered by feed restriction (P < 0.01) in periods 1 and 3, but was increased by cold exposure in ad libitum-fed sheep during period 1 (P < 0.05). Both cold exposure and feed restriction lowered rectal temperature (P< 0.001). Plasma insulin concentration was lowered by feed restriction (P < 0.05) and was increased (P < 0.05) by cold exposure during periods 2 and 3. Plasma T3 concentration was reduced (P < 0.05) by feed restriction and was increased by cold exposure during periods 1 and 2. Plasma T4 level remained unaltered (P > 0.05) while plasma cortisol concentration was increased by both cold exposure and feed restriction (P < 0.01). The results indicate that lambs show metabolic and physiological responses to feed restriction, which conserve energy in a cold as well as a warm environment. Le gain quotidien moyen, l'ingéré alimentaire, les taux de thermogenèse, la tempéra-ture rectale et les niveaux plasmatiques d'insuline, de thyroxine (T4), de triiodothyronine (T3) et de cortisol étaient mesurés durant trois périodes de cinq semaines chacune. Le GQM était plus faible (P < 0,001) parmi les groupes rationnés. L'exposition au froid abaissait le GQM et l'efficacité alimentaire dans la première période seulement (P < 0,01). Le taux métabolique énergétique était diminué (P < 0,01) par le rationnement dans les périodes 1 et 3, mais était augmenté par l'exposition au froid des moutons nourris à satiété durant la première période (P < 0,05). Exposition au froid et alimentation restreinte provoquaient toutes deux une chute de la température rectale (P < 0,001). Les concentrations plasmatiques d'insuline et de T3 étaient abaissées (P < 0,05) par suite du rationnement, mais augmentées (P < 0,05) en ambiance froide durant les périodes 2 et 3 dans le cas de l'insuline et 1 et 2 dans celui de la T3. Les niveaux plasmatiques de T4 demeuraient inchangés (P > 0,05), tandis que ceux de cortisol augmentaient en réponse à l'exposition au froid et au rationnement (P < 0,01). Il ressort de ces observations que, exposés à une alimentat...

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Section: Metabolic Rate and Rectal Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Metabolic and endocrine responses to cold and feed restriction in ruminants

Ekpe¹,

Christopherson²

2000

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Lipolysis from other peripheral fat depots could account for a significant portion of the adrenaline-and β-blockers-induced changes in whole body oxygen consumption. Kelly et al (1993) have shown that the ouabain sensitive (hence Na + /K + -ATPase activity) metabolic activity in the gut may account for 18% of the oxygen consumption of fasted sheep. The hypokalemia observed in response to adrenaline may indicate an involvement of ion transport in the calorigenic response of the portal-drained viscera and other tissues, since the hypokalaemia might be linked to increased activity of the Na + -K + pump (Elfellah and Reid 1987;Everts et al 1988;Clausen 1990) and hence ion transport.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic responses of the whole body, portal-drained viscera and hindquarter to adrenaline infusion: Effects of nonselective and selective β-adrenoceptor blockade

Miaron¹,

Christopherson²

1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Miaron, J. O. O. and Christopherson, R. J. 1997. Metabolic responses of the whole body, portal-drained viscera and hindquarter to adrenalin infusion: Effects of nonselective and selective β-adrenoceptor blockade. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 307-316. Propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker and selective β-blockers (metoprolol a β 1 -blocker and ICI 118551 a β 2 -blocker) were used to investigate the β-adrenoceptor-mediated adrenaline-induced increase in whole-body and organ VO 2 in five whether sheep. Transit time blood flow probes were chronically implanted on the portal vein and the external iliac artery and sampling catheters were placed in the mesenteric artery, iliac vein and portal vein. Oxygen consumption by the whole body was measured by open circuit calorimetry, and oxygen consumption by the portal-drained viscera and the hindquarter was determined from A-VO 2 differences and organ blood flow. Absolute pre-infusion VO 2 values for the whole body, portal-drained viscera and hindquarters were 236 ± 7.4, 61 ± 6.0 and 13 ± 3.1 mL min -1 respectively. The mean changes in VO 2 in response to infusion were 74 vs. 11, 26, 10 and 12 mL min -1 (SE = 9.1) for whole body; 31 vs. -2, -15, 13 and -4 mL min -1 (SE = 7.3) for portal-drained viscera and 8 vs.-0.4, 2.1, 1.0 and -2.7 mL min -1 ; SE = 4.3) for hindquarters during adrenaline, control, propranolol, metoprolol and ICI 118551 treatments, respectively. Adrenaline increased VO 2 (P < 0.05) in the whole body and portal-drained viscera, but not hindquarters relative to controls. All β-blockers suppressed (P < 0.05) the adrenaline-induced increase in VO 2 except for the portal-drained viscera where metoprolol was less effective and the hindquarters where β-blockers had no effect. The blood flow pattern was similar to VO 2 responses for the portal-drained viscera. The nonselective β 1 and β 2 blockers were effective in reducing the adrenaline-induced increases in blood flow from the portal-drained viscera and to the hindquarters, with more pronounced β 2 -adrenoceptor-mediated haemodynamic effects. The results indicate that the β-adrenoceptor system modulates whole body VO 2 , clearly establishes that adrenaline induces an increased VO 2 in portal-drained viscera which can be reversed by a β 2 or nonselective β blocker and implicates β adrenoceptors as an influencing factor in the maintenance energy requirements of ruminants. Sci. 77: 307-316. Le propanolol, un β-agoniste non sélectif et des β-agonistes sélectifs : métopropol, β 1 -agoniste et ICI 118551, β 2 -agoniste ont été utilisés pour examiner sur cinq agneaux mâles castrés l'accroissement adréno-induit, à médiation par les β-adrénorécepteurs, du VO 2 du corps entier et des organes. Des sondes de débit sanguin à temps de passage étaient implantées à demeure autour de la veine porte et de l'artère iliaque externe et des cathéters de prélèvement étaient installés dans l'artère mésen-térique, dans la veine iliaque et dans la veine porte. La consommation d'oxygène par le corps entier était mesurée par calorimétrie en circ...

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“…Previous studies showed that O 2 consumption by the PDV and liver is related to metabolic activity (e.g. ureagenesis, gluconeogenesis, protein turnover) and tissue mass as well as blood flow, which are varied with level of intake (Kelly et al, 1993).…”

Section: Nutrient Net Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy metabolism by splanchnic tissues of mature sheep fed varying levels of lucerne hay cubes

Elsabagh

Goto

Sugino

et al. 2013

Animal

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The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of energy metabolites net flux across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and total splanchnic tissues (TSP) in mature sheep fed varying levels of lucerne hay cubes. Four Suffolk mature sheep (61.4 6 3.6 kg BW) surgically fitted with multi-catheters were fed four levels of dry matter intake (DMI) of lucerne hay cubes ranging from 0.4-to 1.6-fold the metabolizable energy (ME) requirements for maintenance. Six sets of blood samples were simultaneously collected from arterial and venous catheters at 30-min intervals. With increasing DMI, apparent total tract digestibility increased linearly and quadratically for dry matter (P , 0.05), quadratically (P , 0.05) with a linear tendency (P , 0.1) for organic matter and tended to increase quadratically (P , 0.1) for NDF. PDV release of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and b-hydroxybutyric acid was relatively low at 0.4 M and then linearly increased (P , 0.05) with increasing DMI. Net PDV flux of non-esterified fatty acids showed curvilinear decrease from 0.4 to 1.2 M and then increased at 1.6 M. The respective proportions of each VFA appearing in the portal blood differed (P , 0.05) with DMI and this difference was more obvious from 0.4 to 0.8 M than from 0.8 to 1.6 M. Heat production, as a percentage of ME intake (MEI), decreased linearly (P , 0.05) with increasing DMI accounting for 37%, 21%, 16% and 13% for PDV and 62%, 49%, 33% and 27% for TSP at 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 M, respectively. As a proportion of MEI, total energy recovery including heat production, decreased linearly with increasing DMI (P , 0.05) accounting for 113%, 83%, 62% and 57% for PDV and 140%, 129%, 86% and 83% for TSP at 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 M, respectively. Regression analysis revealed a linear response between MEI (MJ/day per kg BW) and total energy release (MJ/day per kg BW) across the PDV and TSP, respectively. However, respective contributions of energy metabolites to net energy release across the PDV and TSP were highly variable among treatments and did not follow the same pattern of changes in DMI.

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Quantification of in vitro and in vivo energy metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract of fed or fasted sheep

Abstract: of in vitro and in vivo energy metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract of fed or fasted sheep. Can

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Metabolic and endocrine responses to cold and feed restriction in ruminants

Metabolic and endocrine responses to cold and feed restriction in ruminants

Metabolic responses of the whole body, portal-drained viscera and hindquarter to adrenaline infusion: Effects of nonselective and selective β-adrenoceptor blockade

Energy metabolism by splanchnic tissues of mature sheep fed varying levels of lucerne hay cubes

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