Quantification of inorganic arsenic exposure and cancer risk via consumption of vegetables in southern selected districts of Pakistan

Rehman, Zahir Ur; Khan, Sardar; Qin, Kun; Brusseau, Mark L.; Shah, Mohammad Tahir; Din, Islamud

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.094

Cited by 101 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Available data for the association between vegetable consumption and As exposure are limited. A Pakistan study reported that iAs exposure from vegetable consumption is not a major cancer risk factor [75]. While our data showed that some vegetable food items (leafy vegetables, mashed vegetables, and fried vegetables) are positively associated with toenail As, the association is likely attributable to the high water As content of the vegetable items or their preparation method.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Associations between Diet and Toenail Arsenic Concentration among Pregnant Women in Bangladesh: A Prospective Study

et al. 2017

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This prospective study evaluated the relationship between long-term dietary habits and total arsenic (As) concentration in toenail clippings in a cohort of 1616 pregnant women in the Bangladeshi administrative regions of Sirajdikhan and Pabna Sadar. Diet was assessed at Gestation Week 28 and at Postpartum Month 1, using a locally-validated dish-based semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Toenail As concentration was analyzed by microwave-assisted acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Associations between natural log-transformed consumption of individual food items and temporally matched natural log-transformed toenail As concentration were quantified using general linear models that accounted for As concentration in the primary drinking water source and other potential confounders. The analysis was stratified by As in drinking water (≤50 μg/L versus >50 μg/L) and the time of dietary assessment (Gestation Week 28 versus Postpartum Week 1). Interestingly, toenail As was not significantly associated with consumption of plain rice as hypothesized. However, toenail As was positively associated with consumption of several vegetable, fish and meat items and was negatively associated with consumption of rice, cereal, fruits, and milk based food items. Further studies in pregnant women are needed to compare As metabolism at different levels of As exposure and the interaction between dietary composition and As absorption.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Associations between Diet and Toenail Arsenic Concentration among Pregnant Women in Bangladesh: A Prospective Study

et al. 2017

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“…The total land under cultivation is approximately 5225.71 km 2 , with planted with various vegetables and other food crops (Rehman et al, 2016; Waqas et al, 2014). Wheat, barley, maize, rice, sugarcane, cucumber, bitter melon, ridge gourd, onion, garlic, mint, lady finger, squash-melon, lettuce, spinach, pea, pumpkin, cabbage, cauliflower, potato, bringal, turnips, pepper, carrot, radish, tomato, yam, perslane, Chinese onion, and coriander are the most important food-crops grown in the study area.…”

Section: 0 Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After air drying, the soil samples were mechanically ground and passed through a sieve of 2-mm mesh, and preserved in clean zip sealed plastic bags for further chemical analyses. Basic soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, total carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil texture, and bulk density are presented in our previous studies (Waqas et al, 2014; Rehman et al, 2016). …”

Section: 0 Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead and cadmium contamination and exposure risk assessment via consumption of vegetables grown in agricultural soils of five-selected regions of Pakistan

et al. 2017

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Rapid urbanization and industrialization result in serious contamination of soil with toxic metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), which can lead to deleterious health impacts in the exposed population. This study aimed to investigate Pb and Cd contamination in agricultural soils and vegetables in five different agricultural sites in Pakistan. The metal transfer from soil-to-plant, average daily intake of metals, and health risk index (HRI) were also characterized. The Pb concentrations for all soils were below the maximum allowable limits (MAL 350 mg kg−1) set by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China (SEPA), for soils in China. Conversely, Cd concentrations in the soils exceeded the MAL set by SEPA (0.6 mg kg−) and the European Union (1.5 mg kg−1) by 62-74% and 4-34%, respectively. The mean Pb concentration in edible parts of vegetables ranged from 1.8-11 mgkg−1. The Pb concentrations for leafy vegetables were higher than the fruiting and pulpy vegetables. The Pb concentrations exceeded the MAL (0.3 mg kg−1) for leafy vegetables and the MAL for fruity and rooty/tuber vegetables (0.1 mg kg−1) set by FAO/WHO-CODEX.. Likewise, all vegetables except Pisum sativum (0.12 mg kg−1) contained Cd concentrations that exceeded the MAL set by SEPA. The HRI values for Pb and Cd were <1 for both adults and children for most of the vegetable species except Luffa acutangula, Solanum lycopersicum, Benincasa hispada, Momordi charantia, Aesculantus malvaceae, Cucumis sativus, Praecitrullus fistulosus, Brassica oleracea, and Colocasia esculanta for children. Based on these results, consumption of these Pb and Cd contaminated vegetables poses a potential health risk to the local consumers.

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“…Arsenic (As) is one of the toxic metalloids and can cause toxicological effects on all living organisms (Rosas-Castor, Guzmán-Mar, Hernández-Ramírez, Garza-González, & Hinojosa-Reyes, 2014;Tripathi, Singh, Mishra, Tripathi, & Nautiyal, 2015;Vázquez et al, 2015). Soil contamination with heavy metal(oid)s due to anthropogenic activities, such as industrial activities, agrochemical application, and mining (Rehman et al, 2016), results in land degradation (Khaledian, Kiani, Ebrahimi, Brevik, & Aitkenhead-Peterson, 2016;Roy & McDonald, 2015). Natural processes are major causes of As contamination in land (Liu et al, 2010;Shi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic interaction and bioaccumulation in food crops grown on degraded soil: Effect on plant nutritional components and other dietary qualities

Khan

et al. 2019

Land Degrad Dev

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Arsenic (As), being a toxic metalloid, is widely found in degraded land and severely affects the health of plants and human beings. Pot experiments were conducted to assess the effects of As on plant nutritional values (macronutrients and micronutrients). Three vegetables (potato, tomato, and lettuce), on the basis of taxonomic differences, were selected and grown on As degraded soils at four different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg kg−1); additionally, the effect of Cd and Pb on the As uptake by plants was studied. The edible parts were analysed for As, Cd, Pb, and essential macronutrients (vitamin C, protein, N, P, and K) and micronutrients (Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn). The As concentrations in lettuce, potato, and tomato were 0.76, 0.63, 0.57 mg kg−1, respectively, grown in soil with no contamination, whereas in contaminated vegetables, the concentration varied significantly depending upon the level of contamination. As interaction with Cd and Pb showed negative correlation, generally, with increasing of As concentration, the Cd and Pb concentrations decreased; however, this trend was not consistent for all treatments and selected plant species. The nutrient concentrations significantly (p < .001) varied in contaminated vegetables compared with the control. The amendments of As significantly (p < .01) increased the concentrations of Ca, N, and protein, whereas P and K concentrations were decreased. The correlation between As with Mn, Mg, and vitamin C depended upon the types of vegetables and the contamination levels. Mn contribution to the Recommended Dietary Allowance was significantly (p < .01) lower for contaminated vegetables, whereas less significant (p = .05) for Fe, Mg, P, and K and non‐significant for Ca, N, and protein for different age groups. It was observed that As degraded soil affected the quality and nutritional balance in vegetables and potentially the nutrient status of consumers. The nutrients degradation in contaminated vegetables was obviously higher because As concentration reduce soil to plant transfer of essential elements by forming metal‐oxide complexes.

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Quantification of inorganic arsenic exposure and cancer risk via consumption of vegetables in southern selected districts of Pakistan

Cited by 101 publications

References 99 publications

Associations between Diet and Toenail Arsenic Concentration among Pregnant Women in Bangladesh: A Prospective Study

Associations between Diet and Toenail Arsenic Concentration among Pregnant Women in Bangladesh: A Prospective Study

Lead and cadmium contamination and exposure risk assessment via consumption of vegetables grown in agricultural soils of five-selected regions of Pakistan

Arsenic interaction and bioaccumulation in food crops grown on degraded soil: Effect on plant nutritional components and other dietary qualities

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