Quantification of lead in cooking utensils and vegetables using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry

Abstract

A simple and sensitive voltammetric method using in-situ bismuth film modified glassy carbon electrode (BiFGE) and Nafion-coated bismuth film modified glassy carbon electrode (NC-BiFGE) were used to determine the amount of lead(II) present in locally produced (at Kombolcha, 376 km North of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) and imported cooking utensils and vegetable samples before and after cooking with the utensils. The voltammetric method was validated using standard spectroscopic method and recovery tests. The amount of lead(II) found in the locally produced utensil (6.48 mg L−1) was very high compared to the imported utensil (0.007 mg L−1). Moreover, a 3–5 fold increase in the amount of lead(II) was found when different vegetables were cooked with the local utensil as a result of the leaching out of the lead(II) from the cooking utensil.

Determination of Lead(II) and Cadmium(II) in Selected Commercially Available Water‐Based Paints of Ethiopia by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Using a Bismuth‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…Where C x is the concentration of the analyte in the sample, C s concentration of Pb(II) and Cd (II) of the standard added, I x is the current responses of the paint sample containing C x and I x + s the current response of C x and Cs. [30] The result is summarized in Table 7.…”

Cheap and sensitive polymer/bismuth film modified electrode for simultaneous determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions

“…Electrochemical methods primarily based on chemically modified solid electrodes are alternative methods because of its high sensitivity, selectivity, and suitability for fieldwork, and widely used for the determination of lead and cadmium [21][22][23].…”

“…Electrochemical methods primarily based on chemically modified solid electrodes are alternative methods because of its high sensitivity, selectivity, and suitability for fieldwork, and widely used for the determination of lead and cadmium [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Different chemically modified electrodes based on composite film of multiwall carbon nanotube with polyalizarin by forming complex formation with metals [ 24 ], bismuth-film composites [ 25 , 26 , 27 ], and bismuth nanoparticles [ 28 ] have attracted considerable attention because it extends to the negative potential limit.…”