Quantification of Mangrove Extent using a Combination of Optical and Radar Images in Google Earth Engine Platform: The case of Anlo Beach Wetland Complex, Shama District, Western Region, Ghana

Abstract

Mangrove Forest classification in tropical coastal zones based on only passive remote sensing methods is hampered by Mangrove complexities, topographic considerations and cloud cover effects among other things. This paper reports on a novel approach that combines Optical Satellite images and Synthetic Aperture Radar alongside their derived parameters to overcome the challenges of distinguishing Mangrove stand in cloud prone regions. Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-based geospatial processing platform was used to extract several scenes of Landsat Surface Reflectance Tier1 and synthetic aperture radar (C-band and L-band). The imageries were enhanced by creating a function that masks out clouds from the optical satellite image and by using speckle filter to remove noise from the radar data. The random forest algorithm proved to be a robust and accurate machine learning approach for mangrove classification and assessment. Our result show that about 16% of the mangrove extent was lost in the last decade. The accuracy was assessed based on three classification scenarios: classification of optical data only, classification of SAR data only, and combination of both optical and SAR data. The overall accuracies were 99.1% (Kappa Coefficient =0.797), 84.6% (Kappa Coefficient = 0.687) and 98.9% (Kappa Coefficient = 0.828) respectively. This case study demonstrates how mangrove mapping can help focus conservation practices locally in climate change setting, coupled with sea level rise and related threats to coastal ecosystems.

Does mangrove vegetation structure reflect human utilization of ecosystem goods and services?

“… 11 , 47 , 48 Ghana has 7 mangrove species, 5 of which are true mangroves: Rhizophora racemosa Meyer; Rhizophora harrisonii Leechman; Rhizophora mangle L.; Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn; and Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f.; and two are minor species or associates: A. aureum L.; and Conocarpus erectus L. 48 , 49 However, as in other developing worlds like Indonesia, Nigeria, Cameroon, etc., mangroves are declining along the entire coastline in Ghana through felling for fuelwood and construction 11 , 50 and through land reclamation. 11 , 51 The Ankobra mangrove forest in Ghana also experiences these threats.…”