Quantification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Marine and Freshwater Samples by the Most-Probable-Number Method

Levin-Edens, Emily; Meschke, John Scott; Roberts, Marilyn C.

doi:10.1128/aem.00015-11

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…after 7 days. Sampling events on August 2 (marine water n = 4; freshwater n = 21) and August 30 (marine water n = 4; freshwater n = 18; dry sand n = 4; wet sand n = 4) for beach A and July 22 (marine water n = 3; freshwater n = 9; wet sand n = 4; dry sand n = 3) freshwater and for August 16 (marine water n = 3; freshwater n = 8; wet sand n = 4; dry sand n = 3) for beach B were quantified using the most‐probable number (MPN) technique as previously described (Levin‐Edens et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…β‐Hemolytic, coagulase‐positive S. aureus that grew on Bacto ® Staphylococcus Medium 110 supplemented with methicillin were considered presumptive MRSA, and the presence of the mecA gene was determined by PCR (see next section). For the sampling events that were quantitatively processed, presumptive MRSA isolates were isolated as previously described (Levin‐Edens et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Northwest marine and freshwater recreational beaches

Levin-Edens

Soge

et al. 2011

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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The aim of the study was to determine the spatial distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] at two marine and one fresh water recreational beaches in the Seattle area. Fifty-six marine water, 144 fresh water, and 96 sand samples were collected from June through August 2010. Isolates were biochemically verified as MRSA. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, multilocus sequence typing [MLST], pulse field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] and the presence of other antibiotic resistance genes were determined. Twenty-two fresh water [15.3%; n = 144], one dry sand [1.9%; n = 53], six wet sand [14%; n = 43], and 2 marine water samples [3.6%; n = 56] were MRSA positive. Of the 27 fresh water stream sites sampled multiple times, 37% of the sites were positive for MRSA and/or S. aureus ≥ 2 times. Twenty-one (67.7%) of 31 MRSA were SCCmec type IV, fifteen (48.4%) of the isolates had MLST types not previously associated with humans, and 29 (93.5%) of the isolates carried other antibiotic resistance genes. This study is the first to report and characterize repeated MRSA positive samples from fresh water drainages and creeks surrounding popular recreational beaches.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Northwest marine and freshwater recreational beaches

Levin-Edens

Soge

et al. 2011

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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“…Also, Soge et al ( 47 ) described the isolation and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from marine water and intertidal samples from Pacific Northwest marine beaches. Levin-Edens et al ( 28 ) showed that sewer overflows during storm events and urban runoff from high density residential areas may contribute to the contamination of the marine environment with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microdiversity of Deep-Sea <i>Bacillales</i> Isolated from Tyrrhenian Sea Sediments as Revealed by ARISA, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and BOX-PCR Fingerprinting

et al. 2013

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With respect to their terrestrial relatives, marine Bacillales have not been sufficiently investigated. In this report, the diversity of deep-sea Bacillales, isolated from seamount and non-seamount stations at 3,425 to 3,580 m depth in the Tyrrhenian Sea, was investigated using PCR fingerprinting and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The isolate collection (n=120) was de-replicated by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), and phylogenetic diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of representatives of each ARISA haplotype (n=37). Phylogenetic analysis of isolates showed their affiliation to six different genera of low G+C% content Gram-positive Bacillales: Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Exiguobacterium, Paenibacillus, Lysinibacillus and Terribacillus. Bacillus was the dominant genus represented by the species B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. firmus, typically isolated from marine sediments. The most abundant species in the collection was B. licheniformis (n=85), which showed seven distinct ARISA haplotypes with haplotype H8 being the most dominant since it was identified by 63 isolates. The application of BOX-PCR fingerprinting to the B. licheniformis sub-collection allowed their separation into five distinct BOX genotypes, suggesting a high level of intraspecies diversity among marine B. licheniformis strains. This species also exhibited distinct strain distribution between seamount and non-seamount stations and was shown to be highly prevalent in non-seamount stations. This study revealed the great microdiversity of marine Bacillales and contributes to understanding the biogeographic distribution of marine bacteria in deep-sea sediments.

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“…This means that S. aureus possesses resistance against an array of antibiotic classes, which is referred to as multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA). In humans and animals, MDRSA infections are acquired through inhalation [7], direct contact with infected objects, persons, or animals, and consumption of contaminated animals products [8] or water [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of lytic Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in mice

Oduor

Onkoba

Maloba

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The use of bacteriophages as an alternative treatment method against multidrug-resistant bacteria has not been explored in Kenya. This study sought to determine the efficacy of environmentally obtained lytic bacteriophage against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA) bacterium in mice. Methodology: Staphylococcus aureus bacterium and S. aureus-specific lytic phage were isolated from sewage and wastewater collected within Nairobi County, Kenya. Thirty mice were randomly assigned into three groups: MDRSA infection group (n = 20), phage-infection group (n = 5), and non-infection group (n = 5). The MDRSA infection group was further subdivided into three groups: clindamycin treatment (8 mg/kg; n = 5), lytic phage treatment (10 8 PFU/mL (n = 5), and a combination treatment of clindamycin and lytic phage (n = 5). Treatments were done at either 24 or 72 hours post-infection (p.i), and data on efficacy, bacterial load, and animal physical health were collected. Results: Treatment with phage was more effective (100%) than with clindamycin (62.25% at 24 hours p.i and 87.5% at 72 hours p.i.) or combination treatment (75% at 24 hours p.i. and 90% at 72 hours p.i.) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results show that the environmentally obtained S. aureus lytic bacteriophage has therapeutic potential against MDRSA bacterium in mice.

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Quantification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Marine and Freshwater Samples by the Most-Probable-Number Method

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Northwest marine and freshwater recreational beaches

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Northwest marine and freshwater recreational beaches

Microdiversity of Deep-Sea <i>Bacillales</i> Isolated from Tyrrhenian Sea Sediments as Revealed by ARISA, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and BOX-PCR Fingerprinting

Efficacy of lytic Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in mice

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