Quantification of minerals and trace elements in raw caprine milk using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and flame photometry

Abstract

This study reports minerals and trace elements quantification in raw caprine milk of Beetal breed, reared in Northern India and their feed, fodder & water using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and flame photometry. The mineral and trace elements' concentration in the milk was in the order: K > Ca > Na > Fe > Zn > Cu. The results showed that minerals concentration in caprine milk was lesser than reference values. But trace elements concentration (Fe and Zn) was higher than reference values. Multivariate statistical techniques, viz., Pearsons' correlation, Cluster analysis (CA) and Principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to analyze the interdependences within studied variables in caprine milk. Significantly positive correlations were observed between FeZn, Zn -K, Ca -Na and Ca -pH. The results of correlation matrix were further supported by Cluster analysis and Principal component analysis as primary cluster pairs were found for Ca -pH, Ca -Na and Fe -Zn in the raw milk. No correlation was found between mineral & trace elements content of the milk and feed.

Profiling and distribution of minerals content in cow, buffalo and goat milk

“…In milk of all the species, majority of the Zn (>86%) content was observed to be associated with colloidal phase. Copper content was observed higher in goat milk (0.05 mg/100 g) than the previously reported value (<0.025mg/100 g) by Singh et al (2015), while the Fe content (0.078 mg/100 g) was found lower than that (0.097 mg/ 100 g) reported by Singh et al (2015). The soluble fraction of Cu was observed to be lowest in goat milk.…”

“…The P content in Sahiwal and Tharparkar cow was observed to be lesser than that (93 -99 mg/100 g) reported by Gaucheron (2005), whereas higher content (117 mg/100 g) in buffalo milk was Fractionation procedure for study of distribution of minerals in colloidal and soluble phase in milk Fransson and Lönnerdal (1983) observed than that (90 mg/100 g) reported by Ahmad et al (2008). Total K content in Sahiwal and Tharparkar cow was found to be lower (145 mg/100 g) than that (168 mg/100 g) reported by Moreno-Rojas et al (1994); it was higher in goat milk (174.8 mg/100 g) than reported (135.5 mg/100 g) by Singh et al (2015). In cow milk, Na content was observed to be lower (around 53 mg/100 g) and was higher in goat milk (52.89 mg/100 g) as reported (44 mg/100 g) by Moreno-Rojas et al (1994).…”

“…Ca content was found to be higher in cow (Sahiwal and Tharparkar breeds), buffalo and goat milk as compared to the previously reported levels such as 104-128; 188, 134.5, mg/ 100 g, respectively in cow, buffalo and goat milk. (Gaucheron, 2005;Ahmad et al 2008;Singh et al 2015). The total Mg content in Sahiwal cow, Tharparkar cow, buffalo and goat milk was observed to be 10.87, 10.24, 23.53 and 10.81 mg/100 g, respectively.…”

Changes in macroelements, trace elements, heavy metal concentrations and chemical composition in milk of Croatian spotted goats during different lactation stages

“…() determined a positive correlation in goats' milk for concentrations of Fe:Mn, while Singh et al . () determined significantly positive correlations between Fe:Zn, Zn:K and Ca:Na in goats' milk.…”

“…A negative trend was recorded for concentrations of Mn:Cu in goat milk in the study carried out in Poland (Ke z dzierska-Matysek et al 2015). In cows' milk of Holstein Friesian breed and Simmental breed, a high Singh et al (2015) determined significantly positive correlations between Fe: Zn, Zn:K and Ca:Na in goats' milk.…”