Quantification of Natural Vapor Fluxes of Trichloroethene in the Unsaturated Zone at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey

Smith, James A.; Tisdale, and Amy K.; Cho, H. Jean

doi:10.1021/es950610c

Cited by 50 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Volatile contaminants in soil air can be caused by upward diffusion from contaminated groundwater through an unsaturated zone in sand and gravel. However, the resulting soil air concentration profiles typically have the highest concentrations closest to the groundwater table [Smith et al, 1996] and not near the surface, as found here. It is therefore suggested that the groundwater chloroform originated from a general contamination of the environment, i.e., the atmosphere and precipitation, or from biogenic production, e.g., in the forest soil.…”

Section: Origin Of Chloroform In Groundwatersupporting

confidence: 62%

Chloroform in a pristine aquifer system: Toward an evidence of biogenic origin

Laturnus¹,

Lauritsen²,

Grøn³

2000

Water Resources Research

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Abstract. Ambient air, soil air, and groundwater were monitored for volatile halogenated organic compounds in a pristine spruce forest at Klosterhede, Denmark. Although this location is remote from industrial areas and free of any point sources of either soil or groundwater contamination, several volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected. The concentration profiles of chloroform indicated a formation of this compound in the soil.Low concentrations were found in ambient air (0.02 ng L-•), higher concentrations in the upper soil layers (9.6 ng L -• at 0.75 rn below the surface), and a decrease with increasing depth (down to 1.5 ng L -• just above the groundwater table at 7.5 rn below the surface). It this paper, the distribution of volatile chlorinated compounds in air, soil air, and groundwater at a spruce forest site far from industrial emissions is described in an attempt to explain the widespread occurrence of chloroform in groundwater.

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Section: Origin Of Chloroform In Groundwatersupporting

confidence: 62%

Chloroform in a pristine aquifer system: Toward an evidence of biogenic origin

Laturnus¹,

Lauritsen²,

Grøn³

2000

Water Resources Research

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“…The gas diffusion has been determined experimentally and by modeling studies. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] A relatively extensive volume of literature is available with respect to gas diffusion in porous materials. However, the impact of particle and pore size distribution on mechanical dispersion has not yet been investigated to the same degree as the previous processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Dispersion and Immobile Gas Volume in Solid and Porous Particle Biofilter Materials at Low Air Flow Velocities

Sharma

Poulsen

2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Gas-phase dispersion in granular biofilter materials with a wide range of particle sizes was investigated using atmospheric air and nitrogen as tracer gases. Two types of materials were used: (1) light extended clay aggregates (LECA), consisting of highly porous particles, and (2) gravel, consisting of solid particles. LECA is a commercial material that is used for insulation, as a soil conditioner, and as a carrier material in biofilters for air cleaning. These two materials were selected to have approximately the same particle shape. Column gas transport experiments were conducted for both materials using different mean particle diameters, different particle size ranges, and different gas flow velocities. Measured breakthrough curves were modeled using the advection-dispersion equation modified for mass transfer between mobile and immobile gas phases. The results showed that gas dispersivity increased with increasing mean particle diameter for LECA but was independent of mean particle diameter for gravel. Gas dispersivity also increased with increasing particle size range for both media. Dispersivities in LECA were generally higher than for gravel. The mobile gas content in both materials increased with increasing gas flow velocity but it did not show any strong dependency on mean particle diameter or particle size range. The relative fraction of mobile gas compared with total porosity was highest for gravel and lowest for LECA likely because of its high internal porosity.

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“…Based on the period from September 1992 (when the system was first activated) to February 1995, the pump-and-treat system had removed TCE from the aquifer at a rate of approximately 180 kg/yr (26). On the basis of the 1995 data alone, the rate of TCE withdrawal is only 70 kg/yr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant-Enhanced Remediation of a Trichloroethene-Contaminated Aquifer. 1. Transport of Triton X-100

Smith

Sahoo

McLellan

et al. 1997

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Transport of a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100) at aqueous concentrations less than 400 mg/L through a trichloroethene-contaminated sand-and-gravel aquifer at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, has been studied through a series of laboratory and field experiments. In the laboratory, batch and column experiments were conducted to quantify the rate and amount of Triton X-100 sorption to the aquifer sediments. In the field, a 400 mg/L aqueous Triton X-100 solution was injected into the aquifer at a rate of 26.5 L/min for a 35-d period. The transport of Triton X-100 was monitored by sampling and analysis of groundwater at six locations surrounding the injection well. Equilibrium batch sorption experiments showed that Triton X-100 sorbs strongly and nonlinearly to the field soil with the sharpest inflection point of the isotherm occurring at an equilibrium aqueous Triton X-100 concentration close to critical micelle concentration. Batch, soil column, and field experimental data were analyzed with zero-, one-, and two-dimensional (respectively) transient solute transport models with either equilibrium or rate-limited sorption. These analyses reveal that Triton X-100 sorption to the aquifer solids is slow relative to advective and dispersive transport and that an equilibrium sorption model cannot simulate accurately the observed soil column and field data. Comparison of kinetic sorption parameters from batch, column, and field transport data indicate that both physical heterogeneities and Triton X-100 mass transfer between water and soil contribute to the kinetic transport effects.

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Quantification of Natural Vapor Fluxes of Trichloroethene in the Unsaturated Zone at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey

Cited by 50 publications

References 40 publications

Chloroform in a pristine aquifer system: Toward an evidence of biogenic origin

Chloroform in a pristine aquifer system: Toward an evidence of biogenic origin

Gas Dispersion and Immobile Gas Volume in Solid and Porous Particle Biofilter Materials at Low Air Flow Velocities

Surfactant-Enhanced Remediation of a Trichloroethene-Contaminated Aquifer. 1. Transport of Triton X-100

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