Quantification of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in soils from cocoa plantations using a QuEChERS extraction procedure and LC-MS/MS

Dankyi, Enock; Gordon, Chris; Carboo, D.; Fomsgaard, Inge S.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.051

Cited by 91 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…The nuisance of pests and diseases is recognised as a strong factor responsible for the dwindling yield of cocoa in Ghana (Abekoe et al 2002) with its adverse consequences for the country's economy. As a result the application of synthetic pesticides have been a measure to control pests and diseases in order to increase yields (Dankyi et al 2014). However, regular and repeated application of pesticides on cocoa trees throughout cocoa seasons, coupled with the indiscriminate use and inappropriate handling of the chemicals by farmers has often been associated with unintended environmental and human health consequences (Fianko et al 2011;Dankyi et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus pesticide residues in soils and drinking water sources from cocoa producing areas in Ghana

et al. 2016

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Background: Pests and diseases are recognised as major factors responsible for the decline in cocoa yield in Ghana. This has resulted in an increased use of pesticides to increase productivity. The regular application and indiscriminate use of chemicals have been associated with unintended environmental and human health consequence. The objective of this study was to determine levels of 13 organophosphorus pesticide residues in soils and drinking water sources in and around cocoa farms in Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. Methods:Organophosphorus pesticide residues were determined by the use of a high resolution Varian CP-3800 Gas Chromatograph equipped with pulse flame photometric detector (PFPD) in 32 soils and 64 drinking water samples from 16 cocoa farms in the Dormaa West District of Ghana.Results: Four organophosphorus residues were detected in the soil and water samples at varying concentrations. The organophosphorus residues detected in soil samples were chlorpyrifos (0.01-0.04 mg/kg), profenofos (0.02-0.04 mg/kg) and pirimiphos-methyl (0.01-0.04 mg/kg) while the organophosphorus residues recorded in the water samples were chlorpyrifos (0.01-0.05 µg/L), diazinon (0.01-0.04 µg/L) and pirimiphos-methyl (0.01-0.03 µg/L). The concentrations of organophosphorus pesticide residues in the soil samples analysed from the various sites were generally below and within US MRLs for agricultural soils. However, mean concentrations of chlorpyrifos and pirimiphos-methyl recorded at Nkrankwanta (S1) were found to be above their respective US MRLs for agricultural soils. The trends of organophosphorus pesticide residues in the water samples analysed from the various distances to cocoa farms decreased with increase in distance to cocoa farm (ranking; 0-15 > 16-30 > above 30 m). All organophosphorus pesticide residues recorded in the water samples from the various sites within the various distances were below and within their respective WHO MRLs for drinking water except chlorpyrifos at Diabaa (S2) and Kwakuanya (S4) at distance 16-30 m and diazinon at Kwakuanya (S4) at a distance 0-15 m which exceeded their WHO MRLs. There were no significant (p > 0.05) sites differences in mean values of pesticide residues detected in soils and water samples. Conclusions:The presence of organophosphorus in the samples analysed was an indication of the use of the pesticides by cocoa farmers in the study area to control pest and diseases. The pesticide residues in the soil poses danger to soil organisms as well as contaminate surrounding water bodies through runoff and leaching. In addition, there is the likelihood of translocation of these residues from the soil into the cocoa beans and other crops (like vegetables that are commonly intercropped with cocoa) through the root system, thereby posing health risks to consumers. Chlorpyrifos and diazinon concentrations in drinking water exceeded their respective WHO MRLs at some sampled sites and may pose health hazard to farmers' household and the communities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus pesticide residues in soils and drinking water sources from cocoa producing areas in Ghana

et al. 2016

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“…QuEChERS with acetate buffer observed low recoveries for PSA + C18 when larger amounts of sorbent were used such that it is often preferred to use only 50 mg C18 [27]. PSA without C18 or GCB was found to provide better recoveries and precision for neonicotinoids in soil [28]. C18 can result in poor recoveries of some more nonpolar GCamenable analytes (recoveries <70 or >120%) when the sample matrix has a high fat content and, under these situations, Zr-Sep+ has been used to remove lipids [15].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PSA with C18 has improved the recoveries of neonicotinoids from pollen and high fructose corn syrup when the sample is diluted in water (1:4 or 1:8) prior to extraction with acetonitrile (neonicotinoids would be protonated under acidic conditions such that buffers are not used during the salt-out extraction) [7]. Extracts from soil samples also had better recoveries for neonicotinoids when extracted without buffering of acetonitrile (along with salt-out with MgSO 4 and NaCl) [28]. C18 (200 mg) alone was used for extract cleanup for analysis of carbamates by LC-MS/MS and found to be better than other dSPE sorbents [22].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample Preparation Methods for Pesticide Analysis in Food Commodities, Biological and Environment Matrices

Raina‐Fulton¹,

Xie²

2017

Ideas and Applications Toward Sample Preparation for Food and Beverage Analysis

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This chapter focuses on sample preparation procedures for pesticide analysis of food commodities, biological and environmental matrices. This will include pesticides with a broad range of polarity including those that are more amenable to gas chromatographymass spectrometry (organochlorines, organophosphorus pesticides, and pyrethroids) and those commonly analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (carbamates, azole, and strobilurin fungicides, and phenylureas as well as organophosphorus pesticides). QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) methods or QuEChERS methods with modifications to allow wetting of the dry sample matrix, buffering, changing extraction solvent from acetonitrile to ethyl acetate are examined. Subsequent cleanup using dispersive solid phase extraction or cartridge format solid phase extraction has also been completed to reduce matrix effects. Other solid matrices are frequently extracted with pressurized liquid extraction, microwave assisted extraction, or ultrasonic extraction combined with or followed by dispersive solid phase extraction or solid phase extraction. Particularly for chromatography-mass spectrometry, careful consideration of matrix effects needs to be made when considering the design of the sample preparation procedures. Selection of extraction solvent needs to consider both polarity of target analytes (and their solubility in selected solvents) as well as co-extracted matrix components.

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“…Residues of five major neonicotinoids were determined in 52 soil samples from cocoa farms in Ghana. Some 54% of soil samples contained imidacloprid, the main neonicotinoid found, at levels between 4.3 and 251.4 ppb, 10% of the samples contained clothianidin (from 9.8 to 23.1 ppb), while the other three compounds were below the analytical limit of detection (Dankyi et al 2014). Fipronil on seed-coated cotton (7.5 g/100 kg seed) moved into the soil and produced residues of 40 to 650 ppb, which dissipated with half-lives between 7.2 and 21.7 days .…”

Section: Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 1: new molecules, metabolism, fate, and transport

Giorio

Safer

Sánchez‐Bayo

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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With the exponential number of published data on neonicotinoids and fipronil during the last decade, an updated review of literature has been conducted in three parts. The present part focuses on gaps of knowledge that have been addressed after publication of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides in 2015. More specifically, new data on the mode of action and metabolism of neonicotinoids and fipronil, and their toxicity to invertebrates and vertebrates, were obtained. We included the newly detected synergistic effects and/or interactions of these systemic insecticides with other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, adjuvants, honeybee viruses, and parasites of honeybees. New studies have also investigated the contamination of all environmental compartments (air and dust, soil, water, sediments, and plants) as well as bees and apicultural products, food and beverages, and the exposure of invertebrates and vertebrates to such contaminants. Finally, we review new publications on remediation of neonicotinoids and fipronil, especially in water systems. Conclusions of the previous WIA in 2015 are reinforced; neonicotinoids and fipronil represent a major threat worldwide for biodiversity, ecosystems, and all the services the latter provide.

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Quantification of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in soils from cocoa plantations using a QuEChERS extraction procedure and LC-MS/MS

Cited by 91 publications

References 32 publications

Organophosphorus pesticide residues in soils and drinking water sources from cocoa producing areas in Ghana

Organophosphorus pesticide residues in soils and drinking water sources from cocoa producing areas in Ghana

Sample Preparation Methods for Pesticide Analysis in Food Commodities, Biological and Environment Matrices

An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 1: new molecules, metabolism, fate, and transport

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