Quantification of particle detachment by rain splash and wind-driven rain splash

The effect of rain, wind-driven rain and wind on particle transport under controlled laboratory conditions

“…Wind increases the drop-fall and impact velocity, leads to partly larger drops, a smaller impact angle (~45°on level ground) and thus to a potentially higher erosive potential (Disrud et al, 1969;Erpul et al, 2000;Fister et al, 2012;Sharon, 1980;Umback and Lembke, 1966;Van Heerden, 1964). Measurements on natural soil surfaces as well as cohesionless sandy substrate showed a high heterogeneity of the erosive impact of wind-driven rain on total erosion rates but generally supported this theoretically implied, partly drastic increase of soil erosion (Iserloh et al, 2013a;Marzen et al, 2015;Ries et al, 2014). Compared to raindrop and wind-driven rain erosion, wind erosion is supposed to act mainly at larger scales.…”

“…That changes if wind action supports the raindrop in combined wind-driven rain erosion. The term "wind-driven rain" regards the raindrop as the main eroding agent, whose physical properties and erosivity can be profoundly modified by the action of wind (Marzen et al, 2015). Wind increases the drop-fall and impact velocity, leads to partly larger drops, a smaller impact angle (~45°on level ground) and thus to a potentially higher erosive potential (Disrud et al, 1969;Erpul et al, 2000;Fister et al, 2012;Sharon, 1980;Umback and Lembke, 1966;Van Heerden, 1964).…”

Contrasted Impact of Land Abandonment on Soil Erosion in Mediterranean Agriculture Fields

“…At larger scales, similar results were also obtained showing connectivity mechanisms (Zhang et al, 2013), therefore, we claim the need of researching to shed light into the scale and connectivity via mapping techniques or connectivity index (López-Vicente et al, 2013;Masselink et al, 2016). Moreover, we need further experimental approaches to investigate challenging processes like wind-driven rain erosion (Marzen et al, 2015(Marzen et al, , 2016or animal trampling Schnabel et al, 2013) and their relation to land degradation.…”

Temporal changes in soil water erosion on sloping vineyards in the Ruwer- Mosel Valley. The impact of age and plantation works in young and old vines

“…The higher soil water content (at field capacity and wilting point) in the old vineyard was directly related to these textural differences, where the soils had a greater water retention capacity that reduced the possibility of overland flow generation and, therefore, soil loss (Rodrigo Comino et al, 2015a). There was also evidence of natural sieving of the silt particles caused by the raindrop impact (Hänsel et al, 2016;Marzen et al, 2015). The kinetic energy applied to aggregates with elevated silt values is more likely to enhance the transport and disaggregation of the fine particles down slope only during low rainfall intensities (Ramos et al, 2000).…”