“…Understanding the interaction between surface water and groundwater is critical for the management of water resources (Winter, 1999) and analysis of ecohydrology (Sophocleous, 2002;Wilson & Rocha, 2016;Woessner, 2000). The accurate quantification of the exchange of water and energy between surface water and groundwater systems is still challenging due to heterogeneity and scale (Anibas, Buis, Verhoeven, Meire, & Batelaan, 2011;Bichler, Muellegger, Brünjes, & Hofmann, 2016;Kalbus, Reinstorf, & Schirmer, 2006;Naylor, Letsinger, Ficklin, Ellett, & Olyphant, 2016).…”