Quantification of the abrasive wear of a gold wedding ring

“…Sometimes even precipitation of brownish flakes occurs. Hence, potassium cyanide (KCN) was added to the TAGN solutions in an ion ratio Au 3+ /CN -0 1:8 for stabilization [7] (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: First Test Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and comparison of gold-based neutron flux monitors

et al. 2012

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In two test series, liquid and solid gold-based neutron flux monitor materials were investigated with respect to the effects of neutron absorbers such as chlorine, scattering effects, and the dependence of the enhanced activation caused by the epithermal resonance integral. The liquid monitors were prepared from aqueous solutions of tetraamminegold(III) nitrate and tetrachloroauric(III) acid. The presence of chlorine-35 partly suppresses the activation of gold-197; this effect depends not only on the concentration of the absorber but also on the state of the neutron flux density monitor. Aqueous samples show greater relative losses than solid monitors. Neutron scattering occurs in hydrogen-rich sample matrices which is shown by the fact that cadmium-shielded aqueous samples show an over proportional activation. Hence, fast neutrons must be moderated to the epithermal energies covered by the resonance integral, which is characterized by much greater cross sections for the capture of neutrons. The insight of this study with respect to neutron scattering in hydrogen-rich matrices must be taken into account also for neutron activation analysis; sample and standard must have a similar matrix with respect to its neutron scattering properties, otherwise the effect of increased activation as well as of enhanced selfshielding are underestimated.

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“…This explains why the preparative work with REE and especially dysprosium compounds in an analytical laboratory that is dedicated to NAA has to be performed with utmost care to avoid contaminations. Even minor explosions of explosive REE compounds would contaminate the lab and thwart future analyses of these elements [30].…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen‐Rich Compounds of the Lanthanoids: The 5,5′‐Azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐ides] of some Yttric Earths (Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu)

Steinhäuser

Giester

Wagner

et al. 2009

Helvetica Chimica Acta

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A set of N-rich salts, 3 -9, of the heavy lanthanoids (terbium, 3; dysprosium, 4; holmium 5; erbium, 6; thulium, 7; ytterbium, 8; lutetium, 9) based on the energetic 5,5'-azobis[1H-tetrazole] (H 2 ZT) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy, and Xray structure determination. The synthesis of the lanthanoid salts 3 -9 was performed by crystallization from concentrated aqueous solutions of disodium 5,5'-azobis[1H-tetrazol-1-ide] dihydrate (Na 2 ZT · 2 H 2 O; 1) and the respective Ln(NO 3 ) 3 · 5 H 2 O and yielded large rhombic crystals of the type [Ln(H 2 O) 8 ] 2 (ZT) 3 · 6 H 2 O in ca. 70% of the theoretical yield. The compounds 3 -9 are isostructural (triclinic space group P1 ) to the previously published yttrium salt 2; they show, however, a clear lanthanoid contraction of several crystallographic parameters, e.g., the cell volume or the LnÀO bond lengths of the Ln 3þ ions and the coordinating H 2 O molecules. The lanthanoid contraction influences the strengths of the H-bonds, which can be observed as a red shift by 4 cm À1 in the characteristic IR band, in particular from 3595 cm À1 (3) to 3599 cm À1 (9). In good agreement with previous works, 2 -9 are purely salt-like compounds without a coordinative bond between the tetrazolide anion and the Ln 3þ cation.

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Quantification of the abrasive wear of a gold wedding ring

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Nitrogen‐Rich Compounds of the Lanthanoids: The 5,5′‐Azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐ides] of the Light Rare Earths (Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd)

Nitrogen‐Rich Compounds of the Lanthanoids: The 5,5′‐Azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐ides] of the Light Rare Earths (Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd)

Performance and comparison of gold-based neutron flux monitors

Nitrogen‐Rich Compounds of the Lanthanoids: The 5,5′‐Azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐ides] of some Yttric Earths (Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu)

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