Quantification of the contrasting root systems of Pinus thunbergii in soils with different groundwater levels in a coastal forest in Japan

Hirano, Yasuhiro; Todo, Chikage; Yamase, Keitaro; Tanikawa, Toko; Dannoura, Masako; Ohashi, Mizue; Doi, Ryuusei; Wada, Ryusei; Ikeno, Hidetoshi

doi:10.1007/s11104-018-3630-9

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…From field survey, Hirano et al (2018) reported that P. thunbergii growing at shallow groundwater level (sea side) allocates more biomass to the root system, especially to horizontal roots (age 32–58 years). This results in a “plate root system” with shallow vertical roots and long horizontal tap roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Waterlogging Depths Affect Spatial Distribution of Fine Root Growth for Pinus thunbergii Seedlings

2021

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The increase of waterlogged environments at forests and urban greenery is of recent concern with the progress of climate change. Under waterlogging, plant roots are exposed to hypoxic conditions, which strongly affect root growth and function. However, its impact is dependent on various factors, such as waterlogging depth. Therefore, our objective is to elucidate effects of different waterlogging depths on Pinus thunbergii Parl., which is widely used for afforestation, especially at coastal forests. We conducted an experiment to examine growth and morphology of fine roots and transpiration using 2-year-old seedlings under three treatments, (1) control (no waterlogging), (2) partial waterlogging (partial-WL, waterlogging depth = 15 cm from the bottom), and (3) full waterlogging (full-WL, waterlogging depth = from the bottom to the soil surface, 26 cm). As a result, fine root growth and transpiration were both significantly decreased at full-WL. However, for partial-WL, fine root growth was significantly increased compared to control and full-WL at the top soil, where it was not waterlogged. Additionally, transpiration which had decreased after 4 weeks of waterlogging showed no significant difference compared to control after 8 weeks of waterlogging. This recovery is to be attributed to the increase in fine root growth at non-waterlogged top soil, which compensated for the damaged roots at the waterlogged bottom soil. In conclusion, this study suggests that P. thunbergii is sensitive to waterlogging; however, it can adapt to waterlogging by plastically changing the distribution of fine root growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Waterlogging Depths Affect Spatial Distribution of Fine Root Growth for Pinus thunbergii Seedlings

2021

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“…The damage incurred in the trees was a result of the high groundwater levels. This prevented the growth of the plants' root system, thereby restraining the taproot (vertical root) from burrowing deep and developing plate roots (horizontal roots) in thin soil layers (Oda 2001;Hirano et al 2018). Moreover, the plate root system exhibits lower resistance to uprooting (Dupuy et al 2005), due to which the black pine trees could not endure the tsunami forces.…”

Section: Recreation and Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging a Hybrid Between Green and Gray Infrastructure: Coastal Sand-Covered Embankments

Matsushima

Zhong

2022

Ecological Research Monographs

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While coastal areas are one of the most highly developed areas in the world, they have always been exposed to the danger of disaster. In response to the extreme events that increase every year owing to the effects of climate change, it is necessary to switch from coastal conservation that relies on existing infrastructure (gray infrastructure) to green infrastructure that utilizes ecotone. However, the reproduction of ecotones poses great challenges in many coastal areas. Therefore, we introduce a new approach to the complementary infrastructure development of gray and green functions, which involves conversion of the existing infrastructure, namely tide embankment, into dunes with sand-covering their slope, to be utilized as hybrid infrastructure. It was confirmed that the sand-covered embankments expanded the habitat of dune plants and protected the tide embankment body from high temperatures. This sand-covered embankment was also used as a place for environmental education for local elementary and junior high school students, and the multi-functionality of the hybrid infrastructure that grows over time was confirmed through the participation of various individuals.

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“…By contrast, relatively thin and physiologically active fine roots are involved in the uptake and transport of water, nutrients, and hormones, as well as to achieve symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi (Hirano et al 2020). In each root type, the functions mentioned above are tightly coupled to their morphologies, e.g., in coarse roots, given the same aboveground size, the development of tap root and horizontal roots strongly affects resistance to uprooting (Hirano et al 2018). Root morphology also varies corresponding to many environmental variables, such as temperature, soil water depth, and nutrient availability (Jackson et al 1996, Holdaway et al 2011, Freschet et al 2017, Hirano et al 2018, indicating the adaptive roles of root morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In each root type, the functions mentioned above are tightly coupled to their morphologies, e.g., in coarse roots, given the same aboveground size, the development of tap root and horizontal roots strongly affects resistance to uprooting (Hirano et al 2018). Root morphology also varies corresponding to many environmental variables, such as temperature, soil water depth, and nutrient availability (Jackson et al 1996, Holdaway et al 2011, Freschet et al 2017, Hirano et al 2018, indicating the adaptive roles of root morphology. Therefore, investigating the morphological diversity of roots and assessing the mechanisms of their diversity would provide insights into root functioning and species adaptation to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of wind and slope on buttress development in temperate tree species

et al. 2021

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Quantification of the contrasting root systems of Pinus thunbergii in soils with different groundwater levels in a coastal forest in Japan

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Different Waterlogging Depths Affect Spatial Distribution of Fine Root Growth for Pinus thunbergii Seedlings

Different Waterlogging Depths Affect Spatial Distribution of Fine Root Growth for Pinus thunbergii Seedlings

Challenging a Hybrid Between Green and Gray Infrastructure: Coastal Sand-Covered Embankments

Influence of wind and slope on buttress development in temperate tree species

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