Quantification of the turning point saturation for cross bedded CO2 storage reservoirs

Mishra, Achyut; Haese, Ralf R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103185

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Different sedimentary structures have different trapping potential owing to the geometry and lateral continuity of their internal laminae and beds. Cross-bedded facies are inherently more heterogeneous than their planar bedded counterparts due to their more complex stratification styles (Mishra & Haese, 2020). Topset and bottomset laminae in crossbedded units are often less permeable than foreset laminae, consistent with our observations of the Bunter Sandstone Formation, and may therefore baffle CO2 migration and disperse the CO2 plume.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Permeability Characterisation of Sedimentological Facies in the Bunter Sandstone Formation, Endurance CO2 Storage Site, Offshore UK

Hossain,

Hampson,

Jacquemyn

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Permeability variations due to sedimentological heterogeneity are important in controlling CO2 migration pathways, CO2 plume dynamics, and stratigraphic, capillary and dissolution trapping of CO2 in subsurface storage units and complexes. Thus, knowing these parameters is crucial to developing a CO2 injection strategy that maximizes storage and trapping efficiency. In this study we analyzed the sedimentological and permeability heterogeneity of the Bunter Sandstone Formation at the Endurance CO2 storage site, offshore UK, through integrated facies analysis, minipermeameter measurements, and thin section analysis. Detailed core logging and outcrop analysis were performed to identify facies and related heterogeneities. Twelve lithofacies have been identified in cores. By analyzing the stacking patterns of the facies, three facies associations and three architectural elements were identified in cores and outcrop analogues, respectively. Heterogeneities occur at all the scales ranging from mm-scale laminae to 10’s m-scale architectural elements. Permeability variations at outcrop and in core are closely related to sedimentological heterogeneities. Minipermeameter and core plug permeability data show up to three orders of magnitude variation across the facies. Cross-bedded (Sp, St, Sl, Spmc) and structureless (Sm) sandstones are the most permeable (4-5400 mD) facies, whereas pebbly conglomerates (Gmg) and laminated mudstones (Fl) are least permeable (0.18-89 mD) facies. Mottled and deformed sandstone (Smd) and crinkly laminated sandstone (Sc) have highly variable permeability (0.69-480 mD). Minipermeameter data reveal permeability varies by a factor of five at centimeter scale within planar cross-bedded (Sp), trough cross-bedded (St) and planar bedded sandstone (Sh) sandstone facies, while planar cross-bedded sandstone with mud clasts along foresets (Spmc) exhibit permeability variation up to a factor of four. Petrographic analysis of thin sections shows that these permeability variations are related to changes in grain size, clay content, and distribution of dolomite cements.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Permeability Characterisation of Sedimentological Facies in the Bunter Sandstone Formation, Endurance CO2 Storage Site, Offshore UK

Hossain,

Hampson,

Jacquemyn

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Quantifying the local capillary trapped fraction has proved difficult as it depends on the exact geometry of the geologic depositional pattern (fabric), and the grain size contrast between depositional layers (Krishnamurthy et al., 2019; Meckel et al., 2017; Mishra & Haese, 2020). Numerical simulations have provided estimates of the effect of heterogeneities at different scales (Gershenzon et al., 2017; Jackson & Krevor, 2020; Shao et al., 2022; Trevisan, Krishnamurthy, & Meckel, 2017; Zahasky et al., 2020), but analogous laboratory experiments to corroborate these results have been lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geologic Heterogeneity Controls on Trapping and Migration of CO₂

Krishnamurthy

DiCarlo

Meckel

2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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When CO2 is injected into sedimentary basins, the fate of the buoyant CO2 will be determined by how it interacts with the underlying geologic heterogeneities. Here we geologically print a cross‐bedded pattern using two different bead sizes, and then conduct flow experiments to observe buoyant flow pathways, migration speed, and immobilized volumes. The amount of buoyant phase trapped under the heterogeneities is observed to vary by two orders of magnitude, with the controlling parameter being the size contrast between the coarse and fine grains that make up the structure. The results allow an estimate of heterogeneity trapping, and show how CO2 trapping in aquifers can be experimentally evaluated before injection.

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“…Existing reservoir modelings, experimental studies, and field-scale observations distinctly confirm the effectiveness of capillary trapping in the confinement of CO 2 plume 5 , 6 , 16 – 19 . The trapping mechanism of CO 2 beneath the flow barriers is called capillary heterogeneity trapping induced by the capillary pressure contrast between the sandbody and fine-grained barriers 20 , 21 . Local trapping of CO 2 under the intraformational barriers is equivalent to the capillary pinning mechanism 22 , 23 that retards the buoyancy-driven migration of CO 2 plume to shallow depths of the reservoir and with a good design, the composite confining system will prevent CO 2 from reaching the top of the confining system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the potential of composite confining systems for secure and long-term CO2 retention in geosequestration

Bakhshian,

Bump,

Pandey

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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A potential geologic target for CO2 storage should ensure secure containment of injected CO2. Traditionally, this objective has been achieved by targeting reservoirs with overlying seals-regionally extensive, low permeability units that have been proven capable of retaining buoyant fluid accumulations over geologic time. However, considering that the amount of CO2 is limited by a decadal injection period, vertical migration of CO2 can be effectively halted by a composite system of discontinuous shale/silt/mudstone barriers in bedded sedimentary rocks. Here, we studied the impact of depositional architectures in a composite confining system on CO2 migration and confinement at reservoir scale. We stochastically generated lithologically heterogeneous reservoir models containing discontinuous barriers consistent with statistical distributions of net-sand-to-gross-shale ratio (NTG) and horizontal correlation lengths derived from well log data and observations of producing hydrocarbon fields in Southern Louisiana. We then performed an extensive suite of reservoir simulations of CO2 injection and post-injection to evaluate the sensitivity of CO2 plume migration and pressure response of the composite system to a series of geologic and fluid parameters including the lateral continuity of barriers, NTG, permeability anisotropy within the sand body, and capillary pressure contrast between the sand and shale facies. The results indicate that lateral continuity of barriers and NTG are the dominant controls on CO2 plume geometry and pressure build-up in the reservoir, while the impact of NTG is particularly pronounced. The significance of intraformational barriers becomes apparent as they facilitate the local capillary trapping of CO2. Those barriers improve the pore space occupancy by promoting a more dispersed shape of the plume and ultimately retard the buoyancy-driven upward migration of the plume post injection.

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Quantification of the turning point saturation for cross bedded CO2 storage reservoirs

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

Permeability Characterisation of Sedimentological Facies in the Bunter Sandstone Formation, Endurance CO2 Storage Site, Offshore UK

Permeability Characterisation of Sedimentological Facies in the Bunter Sandstone Formation, Endurance CO2 Storage Site, Offshore UK

Geologic Heterogeneity Controls on Trapping and Migration of CO₂

Assessing the potential of composite confining systems for secure and long-term CO2 retention in geosequestration

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Quantification of the turning point saturation for cross bedded CO2 storage reservoirs

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

Permeability Characterisation of Sedimentological Facies in the Bunter Sandstone Formation, Endurance CO2 Storage Site, Offshore UK

Permeability Characterisation of Sedimentological Facies in the Bunter Sandstone Formation, Endurance CO2 Storage Site, Offshore UK

Geologic Heterogeneity Controls on Trapping and Migration of CO2

Assessing the potential of composite confining systems for secure and long-term CO2 retention in geosequestration

Contact Info

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Geologic Heterogeneity Controls on Trapping and Migration of CO₂